Exodus 12:11

Posted on March 3, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 12:11 Sic autem comedetis illum: Renes vestros accingetis, et calceamenta habebitis in pedibus, tenentes baculos in manibus, et comedetis festinanter: est enim Phase (idest, transitus) Domini.

Thus you shall eat him: you shall gird your loins, and you shall have sandals on your feet, holding staffs in your hands, and you shall eat in haste; for it is the Phase (that is, the passing) of the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sic thus ADV
2 autem however/then ADV/CONJ
3 comedetis you shall eat 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
4 illum him ACC.SG.M.PRON
5 Renes loins ACC.PL.M
6 vestros your ACC.PL.M.POSS
7 accingetis you shall gird 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
8 et and CONJ
9 calceamenta sandals ACC.PL.N
10 habebitis you shall have 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
11 in on PREP+ABL
12 pedibus feet ABL.PL.M
13 tenentes holding NOM.PL.M.PRES.ACT.PTCP
14 baculos staffs ACC.PL.M
15 in in PREP+ABL
16 manibus hands ABL.PL.F
17 et and CONJ
18 comedetis you shall eat 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
19 festinanter in haste ADV
20 est it is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
21 enim for CONJ
22 Phase Passover NOM.SG.F
23 idest that is ADV/EXPL
24 transitus passing NOM.SG.M
25 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M

Syntax

Main Instruction: Sic autem comedetis illum — “Thus you shall eat him,” introduces the manner of eating.

Series of Future Commands:
• Renes vestros accingetis — “you shall gird your loins,” with Renes vestros as object.
• calceamenta habebitis in pedibus — state-of-readiness clause, “you shall have sandals on your feet.”
• tenentes baculos in manibus — circumstantial participial phrase, modifying subject, “holding staffs in your hands.”
• comedetis festinanter — “you shall eat in haste.”

Explanatory Clause: est enim Phase — “for it is the Passover.”
Appositional Gloss: idest transitus Domini — “that is, the passing of the LORD.”

Morphology

  1. Sic — Lemma: sic; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces manner; Translation: “thus”; Notes: frames ritual procedure.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: transitional marker; Translation: “however/then”; Notes: shifts to detailed explanation.
  3. comedetis — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second plural; Function: main instruction; Translation: “you shall eat”; Notes: addressed to all Israel.
  4. illum — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “him”; Notes: refers to the Passover lamb.
  5. Renes — Lemma: renes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of accingetis; Translation: “loins”; Notes: seat of readiness or strength.
  6. vestros — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies Renes; Translation: “your”; Notes: indicates individual preparedness.
  7. accingetis — Lemma: accingo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second plural; Function: command; Translation: “you shall gird”; Notes: image of readiness for journey.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: links sequential actions.
  9. calceamenta — Lemma: calceamentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of habebitis; Translation: “sandals”; Notes: sign of readiness to depart.
  10. habebitis — Lemma: habeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second plural; Function: state-of-readiness command; Translation: “you shall have”; Notes: indicates continuous possession.
  11. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: spatial location; Translation: “on”; Notes: emphasizes being already prepared.
  12. pedibus — Lemma: pes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: “feet”; Notes: expresses location of sandals.
  13. tenentes — Lemma: teneo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative plural masculine, present active; Function: circumstantial participle; Translation: “holding”; Notes: describes posture of readiness.
  14. baculos — Lemma: baculus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of tenentes; Translation: “staffs”; Notes: tools for travel.
  15. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates where they hold the staffs; Translation: “in”; Notes: part of posture description.
  16. manibus — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: “hands”; Notes: physical readiness.
  17. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces final command; Translation: “and”; Notes: continuation of instructions.
  18. comedetis — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second plural; Function: repeated main verb; Translation: “you shall eat”; Notes: emphatic repetition.
  19. festinanter — Lemma: festinanter; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: manner; Translation: “in haste”; Notes: urgency of departure.
  20. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third singular; Function: linking verb; Translation: “it is”; Notes: explanatory clause.
  21. enim — Lemma: enim; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: explanation marker; Translation: “for”; Notes: gives rationale.
  22. Phase — Lemma: Phase; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: “Passover”; Notes: transliteration of Hebrew Pesaḥ.
  23. idest — Lemma: id est; Part of Speech: phrase functioning adverbially; Form: fixed expression; Function: introduces gloss; Translation: “that is”; Notes: Latin explanatory formula.
  24. transitus — Lemma: transitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: apposition to Phase; Translation: “passing”; Notes: interprets meaning of Passover.
  25. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “of the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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