Exodus 14:13

Posted on March 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 14:13 Et ait Moyses ad populum: Nolite timere: state, et videte magnalia Domini quæ facturus est hodie: Ægyptios enim, quos nunc videtis, nequaquam ultra videbitis usque in sempiternum.

And Moyses said to the people: ”Do not fear; stand, and see the great deeds of the LORD which He will do today; for the Egyptians whom you now see, you will by no means see again forever.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 ait said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
3 Moyses Moses NOUN.NOM.SG.M
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 populum people NOUN.ACC.SG.M
6 Nolite do not 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMPER
7 timere to fear INF.PRES.ACT
8 state stand 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMPER
9 et and CONJ
10 videte see 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMPER
11 magnalia great deeds NOUN.ACC.PL.N
12 Domini of the LORD NOUN.GEN.SG.M
13 quæ which REL.PRON.NOM.PL.N
14 facturus about to do PART.FUT.ACT.NOM.SG.M
15 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
16 hodie today ADV
17 Ægyptios the Egyptians NOUN.ACC.PL.M
18 enim for CONJ
19 quos whom REL.PRON.ACC.PL.M
20 nunc now ADV
21 videtis you see 2PL.PRES.ACT.IND
22 nequaquam by no means ADV
23 ultra beyond / again ADV
24 videbitis you will see 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
25 usque even ADV
26 in into PREP+ACC
27 sempiternum everlasting ADJ.ACC.SG.N

Syntax

Main narrative clause: Et ait Moyses ad populum — reporting verb introducing exhortation.
Series of imperatives: Nolite timere; state; et videte — commands urging trust and readiness.
Object of videte: magnalia Domini — “the great deeds of the LORD.”
Relative clause: quæ facturus est hodie — future active periphrastic (“which He is about to do”).
Explanatory clause: Ægyptios enim… — reason for reassurance.
Relative clause: quos nunc videtis — identifies Egyptians observed now.
Negative future clause: nequaquam ultra videbitis — emphatic double-adv. negation.
Final extension: usque in sempiternum — extends promise indefinitely.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: narrative connector; Translation: “and”; Notes: links sequential actions.
  2. ait — Lemma: aio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: reporting verb; Translation: “said”; Notes: classical defective verb used transitively.
  3. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: speaker of exhortation.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates addressee; Translation: “to”; Notes: expresses direction toward hearers.
  5. populum — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “people”; Notes: Israel as collective group.
  6. Nolite — Lemma: nolo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative second plural; Function: prohibition; Translation: “do not”; Notes: nolo used as negative command.
  7. timere — Lemma: timeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive with nolite; Translation: “to fear”; Notes: expresses prohibited action.
  8. state — Lemma: sto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative second plural; Function: command; Translation: “stand”; Notes: physical and psychological readiness.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates commands; Translation: “and”; Notes: links sequential imperatives.
  10. videte — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative second plural; Function: command; Translation: “see”; Notes: invites observation of divine act.
  11. magnalia — Lemma: magnale; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of videte; Translation: “great deeds”; Notes: rare neuter noun for mighty works.
  12. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  13. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of facturus est; Translation: “which”; Notes: refers to magnalia.
  14. facturus — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: participle; Form: future active participle nominative singular masculine; Function: periphrastic construction; Translation: “about to do”; Notes: indicates imminent divine action.
  15. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present indicative active third singular; Function: auxiliary of periphrastic; Translation: “is”; Notes: forms futurum exactum sense.
  16. hodie — Lemma: hodie; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: temporal marker; Translation: “today”; Notes: signals immediacy.
  17. Ægyptios — Lemma: Ægyptius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of videtis/videbitis; Translation: “the Egyptians”; Notes: enemy threat.
  18. enim — Lemma: enim; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: explanatory; Translation: “for”; Notes: justifies reassurance.
  19. quos — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of videtis; Translation: “whom”; Notes: identifies Egyptians seen now.
  20. nunc — Lemma: nunc; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: temporal adverb; Translation: “now”; Notes: contrasts future disappearance.
  21. videtis — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative second plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “you see”; Notes: current observable reality.
  22. nequaquam — Lemma: nequaquam; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: strong negation; Translation: “by no means”; Notes: emphatic negation.
  23. ultra — Lemma: ultra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: adverb of extension; Translation: “again / beyond”; Notes: temporal extension.
  24. videbitis — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “you will see”; Notes: promise of future absence.
  25. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: intensifier; Translation: “even”; Notes: strengthens prepositional phrase.
  26. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates extent; Translation: “into”; Notes: with sempiternum forms idiom.
  27. sempiternum — Lemma: sempiternus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: “everlasting”; Notes: expresses indefinite duration.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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