Exodus 16:29

Posted on March 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 16:29 Videte quod Dominus dederit vobis sabbatum, et propter hoc die sexta tribuit vobis cibos duplices: maneat unusquisque apud semetipsum: nullus egrediatur de loco suo die septimo.

See that the LORD has given you the sabbath, and for this reason on the sixth day he has granted you double food; let each remain by himself, let no one go out from his place on the seventh day.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Videte see 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
2 quod that CONJ
3 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
4 dederit has given 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
5 vobis to you DAT.PL.M (PERS)
6 sabbatum sabbath ACC.SG.N
7 et and CONJ
8 propter because of PREP+ACC
9 hoc this ACC.SG.N (DEM)
10 die day ABL.SG.M
11 sexta sixth ABL.SG.F (ADJ.ORD)
12 tribuit has given 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
13 vobis to you DAT.PL.M (PERS)
14 cibos food ACC.PL.M
15 duplices double ACC.PL.M (ADJ)
16 maneat let him remain 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
17 unusquisque each one NOM.SG.M (INDEF)
18 apud with / near PREP+ACC
19 semetipsum himself ACC.SG.M (REFL)
20 nullus no one NOM.SG.M (INDEF)
21 egrediatur let him go out 3SG.PRES.DEP.SUBJ
22 de from PREP+ABL
23 loco place ABL.SG.M
24 suo his own ABL.SG.M (POSS)
25 die day ABL.SG.M
26 septimo seventh ABL.SG.M (ADJ.ORD)

Syntax

Main Imperative: Videte quod Dominus dederit vobis sabbatum — command to recognize the divine gift of the sabbath.
Causal Clause: et propter hoc die sexta tribuit vobis cibos duplices — reason for double portion on the sixth day.
Subjunctive Command: maneat unusquisque apud semetipsum — “let each remain by himself.”
Negative Command: nullus egrediatur de loco suo die septimo — forbids leaving one’s place on the sabbath.

Morphology

  1. Videte — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperative, present active, 2nd plural; Function: command; Translation: “see”; Notes: calls for recognition of divine action.
  2. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces object clause; Translation: “that”; Notes: not relative here.
  3. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  4. dederit — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular; Function: in subordinate clause; Translation: “has given”; Notes: subjunctive after verba of perception.
  5. vobis — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to you”; Notes: plural to Israel.
  6. sabbatum — Lemma: sabbatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object; Translation: “sabbath”; Notes: Hebrew loanword.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: connects clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: additive.
  8. propter — Lemma: propter; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses cause; Translation: “because of”; Notes: strong causal nuance.
  9. hoc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: pronoun (demonstrative); Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of propter; Translation: “this”; Notes: refers to sabbath institution.
  10. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative of time; Translation: “day”; Notes: temporal marker.
  11. sexta — Lemma: sextus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies die; Translation: “sixth”; Notes: ordinal.
  12. tribuit — Lemma: tribuo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: main verb of clause; Translation: “has granted”; Notes: describes divine provision.
  13. vobis — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to you”; Notes: repeated for emphasis.
  14. cibos — Lemma: cibus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “food”; Notes: refers to manna portion.
  15. duplices — Lemma: duplex; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies cibos; Translation: “double”; Notes: sixth-day provision.
  16. maneat — Lemma: maneo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive, 3rd singular; Function: jussive command; Translation: “let him remain”; Notes: expresses divine instruction.
  17. unusquisque — Lemma: unusquisque; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “each one”; Notes: distributive.
  18. apud — Lemma: apud; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: locative sense; Translation: “with/by”; Notes: indicates remaining in one’s dwelling.
  19. semetipsum — Lemma: semetipsum; Part of Speech: pronoun (reflexive); Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of apud; Translation: “himself”; Notes: emphatic reflexive.
  20. nullus — Lemma: nullus; Part of Speech: pronoun (indefinite); Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of egrediatur; Translation: “no one”; Notes: absolute prohibition.
  21. egrediatur — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: verb (deponent); Form: present subjunctive, 3rd singular; Function: jussive negative; Translation: “let him go out”; Notes: deponent with active sense.
  22. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates origin/location; Translation: “from”; Notes: separation.
  23. loco — Lemma: locus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of de; Translation: “place”; Notes: dwelling-place.
  24. suo — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: pronoun (possessive); Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies loco; Translation: “his own”; Notes: reflexive to nullus.
  25. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative of time; Translation: “on the day”; Notes: temporal marker.
  26. septimo — Lemma: septimus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies die; Translation: “seventh”; Notes: sabbath.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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