Exodus 28:30

Posted on March 19, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 28:30 Pones autem in rationali iudicii Doctrinam et Veritatem, quæ erunt in pectore Aaron, quando ingredietur coram Domino: et gestabit iudicium filiorum Israel in pectore suo, in conspectu Domini semper.

You shall place in the breastpiece of judgment Doctrine and Truth, which shall be upon the chest of Aaron when he enters before the LORD; and he shall carry the judgment of the sons of Israel on his chest, in the sight of the LORD always.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Pones you shall place VERB 2 FUT ACT IND 3RD CONJ
2 autem however ADV INDECL
3 in in PREP+ABL INDECL
4 rationali in the breastpiece NOUN ABL SG N 3RD DECL
5 iudicii of judgment NOUN GEN SG N 2ND DECL
6 Doctrinam Doctrine NOUN ACC SG F 1ST DECL
7 et and CONJ INDECL
8 Veritatem Truth NOUN ACC SG F 3RD DECL
9 quæ which PRON REL NOM PL F
10 erunt shall be VERB 3 FUT ACT IND IRREG
11 in on/upon PREP+ABL INDECL
12 pectore chest NOUN ABL SG N 3RD DECL
13 Aaron Aaron NOUN ABL SG M INDECL
14 quando when CONJ INDECL
15 ingredietur he enters VERB 3 FUT DEP IND 3RD CONJ
16 coram before PREP+ABL INDECL
17 Domino the LORD NOUN ABL SG M 2ND DECL
18 et and CONJ INDECL
19 gestabit he shall carry VERB 3 FUT ACT IND 1ST CONJ
20 iudicium judgment NOUN ACC SG N 2ND DECL
21 filiorum of the sons NOUN GEN PL M 2ND DECL
22 Israel Israel NOUN GEN SG M INDECL
23 in on PREP+ABL INDECL
24 pectore chest NOUN ABL SG N 3RD DECL
25 suo his PRON POSS ABL SG N
26 in in PREP+ABL INDECL
27 conspectu in the sight NOUN ABL SG M 4TH DECL
28 Domini of the LORD NOUN GEN SG M 2ND DECL
29 semper always ADV INDECL

Syntax

Main Command:
Pones autem … Doctrinam et Veritatem — “You shall place … Doctrine and Truth.”
Direct objects: Doctrinam and Veritatem.
Prepositional phrase: in rationali iudicii.

Relative Clause:
quæ erunt in pectore Aaron — “which shall be on the chest of Aaron.”
Subject of clause: quæ referring to the two nouns.

Temporal Clause:
quando ingredietur coram Domino — “when he enters before the LORD.”
Verb is future deponent ingredietur.

Second Main Clause:
et gestabit iudicium filiorum Israel in pectore suo — “and he shall carry the judgment of the sons of Israel on his chest.”
Object: iudicium.
Genitive: filiorum Israel.

Final Prepositional Phrase:
in conspectu Domini semper — “in the sight of the LORD always.”
Defines the ritual context and duration.

Morphology

  1. Pones — Lemma: pono; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular future active indicative; Function: main command; Translation: “you shall place”; Notes: future used prescriptively.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: connective nuance (“however / moreover”); Translation: “however”; Notes: introduces reinforcement.
  3. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative; Translation: “in”; Notes: static placement.
  4. rationali — Lemma: rationale; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: “in the breastpiece”; Notes: priestly vestment.
  5. iudicii — Lemma: iudicium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: explanatory genitive; Translation: “of judgment”; Notes: denotes its judicial symbolism.
  6. Doctrinam — Lemma: doctrina; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: first direct object; Translation: “Doctrine”; Notes: sacred term for divine instruction.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links objects; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple coordinator.
  8. Veritatem — Lemma: veritas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: second direct object; Translation: “Truth”; Notes: denotes truth as divine attribute.
  9. quæ — Lemma: qui, quae, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject of erunt; Translation: “which”; Notes: refers back to Doctrine and Truth.
  10. erunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: “shall be”; Notes: expresses future state.
  11. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative; Translation: “on/upon”; Notes: spatial relation.
  12. pectore — Lemma: pectus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: “chest”; Notes: anatomical ablative.
  13. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine indeclinable; Function: ablative of possession or relation; Translation: “of Aaron”; Notes: Hebrew proper name.
  14. quando — Lemma: quando; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: “when”; Notes: classical and biblical usage identical.
  15. ingredietur — Lemma: ingredior; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future deponent indicative; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: “he shall enter”; Notes: deponent with active meaning.
  16. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: spatial presence; Translation: “before”; Notes: strongly liturgical term.
  17. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of coram; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH, must be rendered in capitals.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links second main clause; Translation: “and”; Notes: sequential continuation.
  19. gestabit — Lemma: gestō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb (“he shall carry”); Translation: “he shall carry”; Notes: expresses repeated ritual function.
  20. iudicium — Lemma: iudicium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: “judgment”; Notes: symbolic judicial representation of Israel.
  21. filiorum — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “of the sons”; Notes: standard genealogical phrasing.
  22. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine indeclinable; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “of Israel”; Notes: indeclinable biblical name.
  23. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative; Translation: “on”; Notes: marks position.
  24. pectore — Lemma: pectus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: “chest”; Notes: repetition for emphasis.
  25. suo — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: modifies pectore; Translation: “his”; Notes: reflexive to Aaron.
  26. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces final adverbial phrase; Translation: “in”; Notes: static spatial marker.
  27. conspectu — Lemma: conspectus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, fourth declension; Function: ablative object of in; Translation: “in the sight”; Notes: indicates divine presence.
  28. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “of the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  29. semper — Lemma: semper; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: temporal adverb; Translation: “always”; Notes: expresses perpetual obligation.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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