Exodus 29:39

Posted on March 20, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 29:39 unum agnum mane, et alterum vespere,

one lamb in the morning, and the other in the evening,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 unum one ACC.SG.M ADJ NUM
2 agnum lamb ACC.SG.M NOUN 2ND DECL
3 mane in the morning ADV INDECL
4 et and CONJ INDECL
5 alterum the other ACC.SG.M PRON INDEF
6 vespere in the evening ABL.SG.N NOUN 3RD DECL

Syntax

Elliptical Clause: Both unum agnum and alterum depend on the implied verb “offer,” supplied from the previous verse.
Adverbial Expressions: mane and vespere express the temporal distribution of the daily offerings.
Coordinating Conjunction: et links the pair of sacrificial acts (morning / evening).

Morphology

  1. unum — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies agnum; Translation: one; Notes: identifies the first of two daily offerings.
  2. agnum — Lemma: agnus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, second declension; Function: direct object; Translation: lamb; Notes: sacrificial lamb designated for morning offering.
  3. mane — Lemma: mane; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: temporal modifier; Translation: in the morning; Notes: adverbial form used regularly for morning rites.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates two sacrificial events; Translation: and; Notes: joins parallel temporal expressions.
  5. alterum — Lemma: alter; Part of Speech: pronoun/adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: implied direct object (second lamb); Translation: the other; Notes: contrasts with unum, marking evening offering.
  6. vespere — Lemma: vesper; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: ablative of time; Translation: in the evening; Notes: designates time of second daily sacrifice.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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