Exodus 30:7

Posted on March 21, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

7 Et adolebit incensum super eo Aaron, suave fragrans, mane. Quando componet lucernas, incendet illud:

And Aaron shall burn fragrant incense upon it, sweet and pleasing, in the morning. When he sets in order the lamps, he shall burn it;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ INDECL
2 adolebit he shall burn 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND 2ND CONJ
3 incensum incense ACC.SG.N NOUN 2ND DECL
4 super upon PREP+ABL INDECL
5 eo it ABL.SG.N PRON DEM
6 Aaron Aaron NOM.SG.M NOUN INDECL
7 suave sweet ACC.SG.N ADJ POS
8 fragrans fragrant ACC.SG.N PTCP.PRES.ACT
9 mane in the morning ADV INDECL
10 Quando when ADV REL INDECL
11 componet he sets in order 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
12 lucernas the lamps ACC.PL.F NOUN 1ST DECL
13 incendet he shall burn it 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
14 illud it ACC.SG.N PRON DEM

Syntax

Main Clause: Et adolebit incensum super eo Aaron — Aaron is the subject performing the ritual act of burning incense.
Appositive Adjectives: suave fragrans — describe the incense as sweet and fragrant.
Temporal Adverb: mane — indicates the time of the ritual.
Temporal Clause: Quando componet lucernas — situates the burning “when he sets in order the lamps.”
Main Verb Continued: incendet illud — he shall burn it (the incense) at the time of lamp maintenance.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links to previous instructions; Translation: and; Notes: continues sequence of ritual commands.
  2. adolebit — Lemma: adoleo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall burn; Notes: used for burning incense liturgically.
  3. incensum — Lemma: incensum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object of adolebit; Translation: incense; Notes: refers specifically to sacred aromatic incense.
  4. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: upon; Notes: describes position relative to the altar.
  5. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of super; Translation: it; Notes: refers to the incense altar.
  6. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Aaron; Notes: high priest performing daily incense rite.
  7. suave — Lemma: suavis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: adjective modifying incensum; Translation: sweet; Notes: sensory description of the sacred fragrance.
  8. fragrans — Lemma: fragrans; Part of Speech: participle; Form: present active participle accusative singular neuter; Function: participial modifier of incensum; Translation: fragrant; Notes: emphasizes olfactory significance in ritual.
  9. mane — Lemma: mane; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: temporal marker; Translation: in the morning; Notes: signifies fixed liturgical timing.
  10. Quando — Lemma: quando; Part of Speech: adverb (relative/temporal); Form: invariable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: when; Notes: connects lamp-tending with incense-burning.
  11. componet — Lemma: compono; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative third singular; Function: verb of subordinate temporal clause; Translation: he sets in order; Notes: refers to arranging or trimming the lamps.
  12. lucernas — Lemma: lucerna; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object of componet; Translation: the lamps; Notes: refers to the seven-branched lampstand.
  13. incendet — Lemma: incendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative third singular; Function: second main verb; Translation: he shall burn it; Notes: resumes primary ritual action after the temporal clause.
  14. illud — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object of incendet; Translation: it; Notes: refers back to incensum.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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