Exodus 31:13

Posted on March 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 31:13 Loquere filiis Israel, et dices ad eos: Videte ut sabbatum meum custodiatis: quia signum est inter me et vos in generationibus vestris: ut sciatis quia ego Dominus, qui sanctifico vos.

“Speak to the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them: ‘See that you keep My sabbath, for it is a sign between Me and you in your generations, so that you may know that I am the LORD who sanctifies you.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Loquere Speak 2SG.PRES.DEP.IMP.MOOD 3RD CONJ
2 filiis to the sons DAT.PL.M NOUN 2ND DECL
3 Israel of Israel GEN.SG.M NOUN INDECL
4 et and CONJ INDECL
5 dices you shall say 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
6 ad to PREP+ACC INDECL
7 eos them ACC.PL.M PRON PERS
8 Videte See 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD 2ND CONJ
9 ut that CONJ SUBJ
10 sabbatum sabbath ACC.SG.N NOUN 2ND DECL
11 meum My ACC.SG.N PRON POSS
12 custodiatis you may keep 2PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ 1ST CONJ
13 quia because CONJ INDECL
14 signum sign NOM.SG.N NOUN 2ND DECL
15 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND IRREG
16 inter between PREP+ACC INDECL
17 me Me ACC.SG.1ST.PERS PRON
18 et and CONJ INDECL
19 vos you ACC.PL.2ND.PERS PRON
20 in in PREP+ABL INDECL
21 generationibus generations ABL.PL.F NOUN 3RD DECL
22 vestris your ABL.PL.F PRON POSS
23 ut so that CONJ SUBJ
24 sciatis you may know 2PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ 4TH CONJ
25 quia that CONJ INDECL
26 ego I NOM.SG.1ST.PERS PRON
27 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M NOUN 2ND DECL
28 qui who NOM.SG.M PRON REL
29 sanctifico I sanctify 1SG.PRES.ACT.IND 1ST CONJ
30 vos you ACC.PL.2ND.PERS PRON

Syntax

Imperative Statement: Loquere filiis Israel — divine command to Moses.
Coordinated Command: et dices ad eos — continues the directive.
Main Exhortation: Videte ut sabbatum meum custodiatis — “See that you keep My sabbath.”
Causal Clause: quia signum est inter me et vos — gives theological reason.
Locative Phrase: in generationibus vestris — marks perpetuity.
Purpose Clause: ut sciatis — expresses divine intention.
Relative Clause: qui sanctifico vos — identifies YHWH as the sanctifier.

Morphology

  1. Loquere — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: verb (deponent); Form: present imperative second singular; Function: direct command; Translation: Speak; Notes: deponent with active meaning.
  2. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative plural masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the sons; Notes: refers to Israel as a people.
  3. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of Israel; Notes: indeclinable proper name.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates commands; Translation: and; Notes: simple connective.
  5. dices — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second singular; Function: main verb of command series; Translation: you shall say; Notes: typical divine instruction formula.
  6. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces indirect object; Translation: to; Notes: directional.
  7. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: them; Notes: refers to Israel.
  8. Videte — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present imperative second plural; Function: exhortation; Translation: See; Notes: introduces obligation.
  9. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: introduces subordinate clause; Function: expresses command-dependent clause; Translation: that; Notes: marks result/command nuance.
  10. sabbatum — Lemma: sabbatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of custodiatis; Translation: sabbath; Notes: borrowed from Hebrew.
  11. meum — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies sabbatum; Translation: My; Notes: divine possession.
  12. custodiatis — Lemma: custodio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive second plural; Function: subordinate verb expressing obligation; Translation: you may keep; Notes: subjunctive tied to videte ut construction.
  13. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces causal clause; Translation: because; Notes: theological explanation.
  14. signum — Lemma: signum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject; Translation: sign; Notes: covenant marker.
  15. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third singular; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: expresses identity.
  16. inter — Lemma: inter; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses relational identity; Translation: between; Notes: covenantal relation.
  17. me — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: object of inter; Translation: Me; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: links people with deity.
  19. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: second party of relationship; Translation: you; Notes: Israel as covenant people.
  20. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative; Translation: in; Notes: temporal span.
  21. generationibus — Lemma: generatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: generations; Notes: expresses continuity.
  22. vestris — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: modifies generationibus; Translation: your; Notes: refers to Israel.
  23. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: introduces purpose clause; Function: expresses divine intention; Translation: so that; Notes: goal of sabbath observance.
  24. sciatis — Lemma: scio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive second plural; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: you may know; Notes: expresses spiritual understanding.
  25. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces content clause; Translation: that; Notes: connects knowledge to divine identity.
  26. ego — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: subject; Translation: I; Notes: emphatic divine self-identification.
  27. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  28. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: connects divine name with divine activity.
  29. sanctifico — Lemma: sanctifico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative first singular; Function: main verb of relative clause; Translation: I sanctify; Notes: divine act of consecration.
  30. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: direct object; Translation: you; Notes: Israel is recipient of sanctification.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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