Exodus 32:26

Posted on March 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 32:26 et stans in porta castrorum, ait: Si quis est Domini, iungatur mihi. Congregatique sunt ad eum omnes filii Levi:

and standing at the gate of the camp, he said: “If anyone is of the LORD, let him join himself to me.” And all the sons of Levi gathered themselves to him;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ INDECL
2 stans standing NOM.SG.M PTCP.PRES.ACT 1ST CONJ
3 in in PREP+ABL
4 porta gate ABL.SG.F NOUN 1ST DECL
5 castrorum of the camp GEN.PL.N NOUN 2ND DECL
6 ait he said 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND IRREG
7 Si if CONJ INDECL
8 quis anyone NOM.SG.M PRON INDEF
9 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND IRREG
10 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M NOUN 2ND DECL
11 iungatur let him join 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.PASS 3RD CONJ
12 mihi to me DAT.SG PRON PERS
13 Congregatique and having gathered NOM.PL.M PTCP.PERF.PASS 1ST CONJ
14 sunt they are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND IRREG
15 ad to PREP+ACC
16 eum him ACC.SG.M PRON PERS
17 omnes all NOM.PL.M ADJ INDECL
18 filii sons NOM.PL.M NOUN 2ND DECL
19 Levi of Levi GEN.SG.M NOUN INDECL

Syntax

Introductory Participial Phrase:
et stans in porta castrorum — circumstantial participle describing Moses’ position.
• in porta castrorum = locative phrase (ablative of place).

Main Clause:
ait — narrative verb introducing direct speech.

Direct Speech:
Si quis est Domini, iungatur mihi
• Conditional protasis: Si quis est Domini — “If anyone belongs to the LORD.”
• Apodosis: iungatur mihi — jussive/passive sense: “let him join to me.”

Result Clause:
Congregatique sunt ad eum omnes filii Levi
• Perfect passive participle + sunt = completed action: “they gathered themselves.”
• omnes filii Levi = compound subject.
• ad eum = movement toward Moses.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: connects narrative events; Translation: and; Notes: Standard coordinator.
  2. stans — Lemma: sto; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine present active; Function: circumstantial participle; Translation: standing; Notes: Describes Moses’ position at the moment of speech.
  3. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: marks location; Translation: in; Notes: Used with ablative for static location.
  4. porta — Lemma: porta; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: gate; Notes: Physical boundary of the camp.
  5. castrorum — Lemma: castra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural neuter; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the camp; Notes: Military/plural form.
  6. ait — Lemma: aio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third singular; Function: introduces direct discourse; Translation: he said; Notes: Irregular verb used almost exclusively for speech.
  7. Si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces conditional clause; Translation: if; Notes: Beginning of protasis.
  8. quis — Lemma: quis; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: anyone; Notes: Generic identity within Israel.
  9. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third singular; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: Identifies allegiance.
  10. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive of possession; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH; must be rendered “LORD.”
  11. iungatur — Lemma: iungo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present passive subjunctive third singular; Function: jussive command; Translation: let him join; Notes: Passive in form, deponent-like sense in command.
  12. mihi — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: indirect object/recipient; Translation: to me; Notes: Moses as leader calling volunteers.
  13. Congregatique — Lemma: congrego; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative plural masculine perfect passive + enclitic -que; Function: part of periphrastic perfect; Translation: and having gathered; Notes: Describes action preceding sunt.
  14. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third plural; Function: auxiliary; Translation: they are; Notes: Forms passive/perfect construction with participle.
  15. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates motion; Translation: to; Notes: Direction toward Moses.
  16. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: him; Notes: Refers to Moses.
  17. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: modifies filii; Translation: all; Notes: Totality of the tribe’s response.
  18. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: sons; Notes: Part of Israel’s priestly tribe.
  19. Levi — Lemma: Levi; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive of lineage; Translation: of Levi; Notes: Indeclinable proper name functioning as genitive.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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