Exodus 34:24

Posted on March 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 34:24 Cum enim tulero gentes a facie tua, et dilatavero terminos tuos, nullus insidiabitur terræ tuæ, ascendente te, et apparente in conspectu Domini Dei tui ter in anno.

For when I shall have taken away the nations from before you, and shall have enlarged your boundaries, no one shall lie in wait for your land when you go up and appear before the LORD your God three times in the year.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cum when CONJ
2 enim indeed / for ADV
3 tulero I shall have taken away 1SG.FUTP.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
4 gentes nations ACC.PL.F 3RD DECL
5 a from PREP+ABL
6 facie face / presence ABL.SG.F 5TH DECL
7 tua your ABL.SG.F POSS.ADJ
8 et and CONJ
9 dilatavero I shall have enlarged 1SG.FUTP.ACT.IND 1ST CONJ
10 terminos boundaries ACC.PL.M 2ND DECL
11 tuos your ACC.PL.M POSS.ADJ
12 nullus no one NOM.SG.M PRON/ADJ 1ST/2ND DECL
13 insidiabitur shall lie in wait 3SG.FUT.DEP.IND 1ST CONJ
14 terræ for the land DAT.SG.F 1ST DECL
15 tuæ your DAT.SG.F POSS.ADJ
16 ascendente while (you) go up ABL.SG.M/F/N PTCP.PRES.ACT 3RD CONJ
17 te you ABL.SG 2ND.PERS.PRON
18 et and CONJ
19 apparente while (you) appear ABL.SG.M/F/N PTCP.PRES.ACT 2ND CONJ
20 in in PREP+ABL
21 conspectu in the presence / sight ABL.SG.M 4TH DECL
22 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M 2ND DECL
23 Dei of God GEN.SG.M 2ND DECL
24 tui your GEN.SG.M POSS.ADJ
25 ter three times ADV
26 in in PREP+ABL
27 anno year ABL.SG.M 2ND DECL

Syntax

Temporal Protasis:
Cum enim tulero gentes a facie tua, et dilatavero terminos tuos
• Introduced by cum (temporal), not causal.
• Two future-perfect verbs (tulero, dilatavero) describe completed divine acts preceding the result.

Main Apodosis:
nullus insidiabitur terræ tuæ
• nullus = subject (“no one”).
• insidiabitur = deponent verb (“shall lie in wait”).
• terræ tuæ = dative of disadvantage (“for your land”).

Ablative Absolutes:
ascendente te and apparente te
• Two parallel ablative absolutes describing Israel’s pilgrim ascents.

Prepositional Phrase:
in conspectu Domini Dei tui ter in anno
• Cultic idiom: “before the LORD your God three times in the year.”

Morphology

  1. Cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: when; Notes: governs future-perfect verbs.
  2. enim — Lemma: enim; Part of Speech: adverb/postpositive; Form: invariable; Function: provides explanation; Translation: for; Notes: cannot stand first in the sentence.
  3. tulero — Lemma: tollō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: temporal protasis; Translation: I shall have taken away; Notes: refers to dispossession of the nations.
  4. gentes — Lemma: gēns; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object of tulero; Translation: nations; Notes: refers to Canaanite peoples.
  5. a — Lemma: ā / ab; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses separation; Translation: from; Notes: phonetic form before consonant.
  6. facie — Lemma: faciēs; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine (5th declension); Function: object of a; Translation: face / presence; Notes: idiom: “from before you.”
  7. tua — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies facie; Translation: your; Notes: refers to Israel.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links actions; Translation: and; Notes: coordinates divine actions.
  9. dilatavero — Lemma: dilatō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: second verb in protasis; Translation: I shall have enlarged; Notes: legal promise of territorial expansion.
  10. terminos — Lemma: terminus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object of dilatavero; Translation: boundaries; Notes: territorial boundaries.
  11. tuos — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies terminos; Translation: your; Notes: refers to Israel.
  12. nullus — Lemma: nullus; Part of Speech: pronoun/adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: no one; Notes: emphatic negation.
  13. insidiabitur — Lemma: insidior; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: 3rd person singular future indicative; Function: main verb of apodosis; Translation: shall lie in wait; Notes: hostile military imagery.
  14. terræ — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular feminine; Function: dative of disadvantage; Translation: for the land; Notes: expresses threat target.
  15. tuæ — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: dative singular feminine; Function: modifies terræ; Translation: your; Notes: indicates covenant land.
  16. ascendente — Lemma: ascendō; Part of Speech: participle; Form: ablative singular present active participle; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: while you go up; Notes: refers to pilgrimage ascent.
  17. te — Lemma: tū; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative singular; Function: subject of participial clause; Translation: you; Notes: used in ablative absolute.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins ablative absolutes; Translation: and; Notes: parallel structure.
  19. apparente — Lemma: appareō; Part of Speech: participle; Form: ablative singular present active participle; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: while you appear; Notes: cultic ritual appearance.
  20. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces locative phrase; Translation: in; Notes: standard liturgical formula.
  21. conspectu — Lemma: conspectus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: presence / sight; Notes: divine audience.
  22. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH, translated as LORD.
  23. Dei — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: in apposition; Translation: of God; Notes: identifies the deity.
  24. tui — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies Dei; Translation: your; Notes: covenant formula.
  25. ter — Lemma: ter; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: expresses frequency; Translation: three times; Notes: refers to required pilgrimage feasts.
  26. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: temporal phrase; Translation: in; Notes: indicates time.
  27. anno — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: year; Notes: completes phrase “three times in the year.”

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Exodus. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.