Exodus 35:1

Posted on March 26, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 35:1 Igitur congregata omni turba filiorum Israel, dixit ad eos: Hæc sunt quæ iussit Dominus fieri.

Therefore, when the whole crowd of the sons of Israel had been gathered together, he said to them: “These are the things which the LORD has commanded to be done.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Igitur therefore ADV
2 congregata having been gathered ABL.SG.F PTCP.PERF.PASS 1ST CONJ
3 omni whole ABL.SG.F ADJ 3RD DECL
4 turba crowd ABL.SG.F 1ST DECL
5 filiorum of the sons GEN.PL.M 2ND DECL
6 Israel of Israel GEN.SG.INDECL
7 dixit he said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
8 ad to PREP+ACC
9 eos them ACC.PL.M PERS.PRON
10 Hæc these things NOM.PL.N DEM.PRON
11 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
12 quæ which NOM.PL.N REL.PRON
13 iussit has commanded 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND 4TH CONJ
14 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M 2ND DECL
15 fieri to be done INF.PRES.PASS

Syntax

Ablative Absolute:
congregata omni turba filiorum Israel — “when the whole crowd of the sons of Israel had been gathered.”
• congregata = perfect passive participle.
• omni turba = ablative noun phrase.
• filiorum Israel = genitive modifiers.

Main Clause:
dixit ad eos — “he said to them.”
• Subject understood = Moses.
• eos = object of ad.

Hæc sunt quæ iussit Dominus fieri
• Hæc = subject, neuter plural (“these things”).
• iussit Dominus = “the LORD has commanded.”
• fieri = passive infinitive → “to be done.”

Morphology

  1. Igitur — Lemma: igitur; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: introduces logical consequence; Translation: therefore; Notes: resumes narrative with a logical link.
  2. congregata — Lemma: congregō; Part of Speech: participle; Form: ablative singular feminine perfect passive participle; Function: head of ablative absolute; Translation: having been gathered; Notes: indicates completed action prior to speaking.
  3. omni — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies turba; Translation: whole; Notes: used distributively.
  4. turba — Lemma: turba; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative absolute noun; Translation: crowd; Notes: refers to the assembled Israelites.
  5. filiorum — Lemma: fīlius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: possessive genitive (“of the sons”); Translation: of the sons; Notes: standard biblical phrase.
  6. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular indeclinable; Function: modifies filiorum; Translation: of Israel; Notes: indeclinable in Vulgate usage.
  7. dixit — Lemma: dīcō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he said; Notes: Moses speaking to the people.
  8. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: marks recipients; Translation: to; Notes: expresses direction of speech.
  9. eos — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: indirect object of dixit; Translation: them; Notes: refers to all Israel.
  10. Hæc — Lemma: hic, haec, hoc; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of sunt; Translation: these things; Notes: neuter used substantively.
  11. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person plural present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: are; Notes: links demonstrative and relative clause.
  12. quæ — Lemma: quī, quae, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of iussit; Translation: which; Notes: agrees with Hæc.
  13. iussit — Lemma: iubeō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: has commanded; Notes: perfect indicates prior divine order.
  14. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of iussit; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH → must be translated as “LORD.”
  15. fieri — Lemma: fīō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present passive infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive with iussit; Translation: to be done; Notes: passive infinitive of faciō.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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