Exodus 35:3

Posted on March 26, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 35:3 Non succendetis ignem in omnibus habitaculis vestris per diem sabbati.

You shall not kindle fire in any of your dwellings on the sabbath day.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Non not ADV
2 succendetis you shall kindle 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
3 ignem fire ACC.SG.M 3RD DECL
4 in in PREP+ABL
5 omnibus all ABL.PL.M/F/N ADJ 3RD DECL
6 habitaculis dwellings ABL.PL.N 3RD DECL
7 vestris your ABL.PL.M/F/N POSS.ADJ
8 per through / during PREP+ACC
9 diem day ACC.SG.M 5TH DECL
10 sabbati of the sabbath GEN.SG.N 2ND DECL

Syntax

Main Prohibition:
Non succendetis ignem — “You shall not kindle fire.”
• succendetis = future indicative used as legal prohibition.
• ignem = direct object.

in omnibus habitaculis vestris — “in all your dwellings.”
• in + ablative = location.
• habitaculis modified by omnibus and vestris.

Temporal Phrase:
per diem sabbati — “during the sabbath day.”
• per + accusative = duration of time.

Morphology

  1. Non — Lemma: nōn; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates verb; Translation: not; Notes: standard prohibitive negation.
  2. succendetis — Lemma: succendō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person plural future active indicative; Function: main verb expressing prohibition; Translation: you shall kindle; Notes: future tense frequently used in legal material as command.
  3. ignem — Lemma: ignis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of succendetis; Translation: fire; Notes: 3rd declension i-stem.
  4. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses location; Translation: in; Notes: ablative = static place.
  5. omnibus — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative plural (all genders); Function: modifies habitaculis; Translation: all; Notes: used distributively.
  6. habitaculis — Lemma: habitāculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of preposition in; Translation: dwellings; Notes: denotes residences/tents.
  7. vestris — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative plural (all genders); Function: modifies habitaculis; Translation: your; Notes: addresses whole community.
  8. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses duration; Translation: through / during; Notes: classical and biblical usage preserved.
  9. diem — Lemma: diēs; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of per; Translation: day; Notes: active duration.
  10. sabbati — Lemma: sabbatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: possessive/genitive of definition; Translation: of the sabbath; Notes: identifies the specific day.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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