Exodus 6:10

Posted on February 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 6:10 Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen, dicens:

And the LORD spoke to Moyses, saying:

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Locutusque and having spoken NOM.SG.M.PERF.PASS.PART + -QUE
2 est was / has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
3 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
6 dicens saying NOM.SG.M.PRES.ACT.PART

Syntax

Main clause: Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen — periphrastic perfect “the LORD spoke,” with Dominus as subject and ad Moysen marking the addressee.
Participial clause: dicens — introduces direct quotation that follows; present participle indicating contemporaneous speech.

Morphology

  1. Locutusque — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: participle (deponent); Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive participle with enclitic -que; Function: forms perfect periphrasis with est; Translation: and having spoken; Notes: deponent in form but active in meaning, standard divine speech formula.
  2. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary verb; Translation: has / was; Notes: completes perfect periphrastic construction.
  3. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of clause; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH and is therefore rendered “LORD.”
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: marks the addressee of speech; Translation: to; Notes: standard with verbs of speaking.
  5. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: Moses; Notes: recipient of the divine message.
  6. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine present active participle; Function: introduces direct quotation; Translation: saying; Notes: standard formula introducing divine speech.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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