Exodus 9:1

Posted on February 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 9:1 Dixit autem Dominus ad Moysen: Ingredere ad Pharaonem, et loquere ad eum: Hæc dicit Dominus Deus Hebræorum: Dimitte populum meum ut sacrificet mihi.

But the LORD said to Moyses: “Go in to Pharao, and speak to him: ‘Thus says the LORD, the God of the Hebrews: “Let My people go, so that they may sacrifice to Me.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Dixit said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 autem but ADV
3 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
6 Ingredere go in 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP
7 ad to PREP+ACC
8 Pharaonem Pharao ACC.SG.M
9 et and CONJ
10 loquere speak 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP
11 ad to PREP+ACC
12 eum him ACC.SG.M
13 Hæc these things NOM.PL.N (DEM)
14 dicit says 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
15 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
16 Deus God NOM.SG.M
17 Hebræorum of the Hebrews GEN.PL.M
18 Dimitte let go 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP
19 populum people ACC.SG.M
20 meum my ACC.SG.M (ADJ)
21 ut so that CONJ
22 sacrificet may sacrifice 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
23 mihi to me DAT.SG.

Syntax

Direct Speech Introduction:
Dixit autem Dominus ad Moysen — “But the LORD said to Moyses”
• Dominus — Subject
• Dixit — Verb
• ad Moysen — Indirect object

Imperative Commands:
Ingredere ad Pharaonem — Direct command
loquere ad eum — Second command

Prophetic Formula:
Hæc dicit Dominus Deus Hebræorum — “Thus says the LORD God of the Hebrews”
• Standard declaration formula in prophetic speech

Main Imperative Command:
Dimitte populum meum — “Let my people go”
• populum meum — Direct object

Purpose Clause:
ut sacrificet mihi — “so that he/they may sacrifice to me”
• sacrificet — Subjunctive required by ut
• mihi — Dative of advantage

Morphology

  1. Dixit — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: verb of speaking; Translation: “said”; Notes: Introduces divine speech.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: postpositive; Function: mild contrast; Translation: “but”; Notes: Appears after the first word of clause.
  3. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses direction; Translation: “to”; Notes: Introduces indirect object.
  5. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: Recipient of divine command.
  6. Ingredere — Lemma: ingredior; Part of Speech: verb (deponent); Form: present active imperative 2nd singular; Function: command; Translation: “go in”; Notes: Deponent with active meaning.
  7. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses direction toward; Translation: “to”; Notes: Repeated for clarity.
  8. Pharaonem — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “Pharao”; Notes: Addressee of Moses’ message.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links commands; Translation: “and”; Notes: Standard connector.
  10. loquere — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: verb (deponent); Form: present active imperative 2nd singular; Function: command; Translation: “speak”; Notes: Deponent with active meaning.
  11. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction; Translation: “to”; Notes: Third occurrence.
  12. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “him”; Notes: Refers to Pharao.
  13. Hæc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of dicit; Translation: “these things”; Notes: Introduces prophetic message.
  14. dicit — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb of formula; Translation: “says”; Notes: Prophetic present.
  15. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject complement; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis.
  16. Deus — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: apposition to Dominus; Translation: “God”; Notes: Identifies divine nature.
  17. Hebræorum — Lemma: Hebraeus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: possessive; Translation: “of the Hebrews”; Notes: Ethnic designation.
  18. Dimitte — Lemma: dimitto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative 2nd singular; Function: command; Translation: “let go”; Notes: Key command repeated through Exodus.
  19. populum — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “people”; Notes: Refers to Israel.
  20. meum — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies populum; Translation: “my”; Notes: Expresses divine possession.
  21. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: introduces purpose clause; Function: expresses intended result; Translation: “so that”; Notes: Requires subjunctive.
  22. sacrificet — Lemma: sacrifico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive 3rd singular; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: “may sacrifice”; Notes: Subjunctive of purpose.
  23. mihi — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Refers to YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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