Exodus 9:2

Posted on February 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 9:2 Quod si adhuc renuis, et retines eos:

But if you still refuse, and you hold them back;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quod but if CONJ
2 si if CONJ
3 adhuc still ADV
4 renuis you refuse 2SG.PRES.ACT.IND
5 et and CONJ
6 retines you hold back 2SG.PRES.ACT.IND
7 eos them ACC.PL.M

Syntax

Conditional Construction:
Quod si adhuc renuis — “But if you still refuse”
• Quod — Transitional conjunction meaning “but”
• si — Introduces the conditional clause
• renuis — Present indicative verb, condition’s protasis

Coordinated Action:
et retines eos — “and you hold them back”
• retines — Main verb of coordinated clause
• eos — Direct object (“them,” the people)

Morphology

  1. Quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: simple connective; Function: introduces a new conditional warning; Translation: “but”; Notes: Often used for transitions in narrative commands.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: conditional marker; Function: introduces protasis; Translation: “if”; Notes: Standard conditional usage.
  3. adhuc — Lemma: adhuc; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverb of continuation; Function: modifies renuis; Translation: “still”; Notes: Implies continued resistance.
  4. renuis — Lemma: renūo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative 2nd singular; Function: verb of conditional protasis; Translation: “you refuse”; Notes: Indicates obstinate rejection.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links second action; Translation: “and”; Notes: Connects two behaviors.
  6. retines — Lemma: retineo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative 2nd singular; Function: verb of coordinated clause; Translation: “you hold back”; Notes: Indicates unlawful detention of Israel.
  7. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers to the people of Israel.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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