Exodus 9:15

Posted on February 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 9:15 Nunc enim extendens manum percutiam te, et populum tuum peste, peribisque de terra.

For now, by stretching out My hand, I will strike you and your people with pestilence, and you will perish from the land.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Nunc now ADV
2 enim for CONJ
3 extendens stretching out NOM.SG.M.PRES.ACT.PPL
4 manum hand ACC.SG.F
5 percutiam I will strike 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND
6 te you ACC.SG
7 et and CONJ
8 populum people ACC.SG.M
9 tuum your ACC.SG.M (ADJ)
10 peste with pestilence ABL.SG.F
11 peribisque and you will perish 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND + ENCLITIC
12 de from PREP+ABL
13 terra the land ABL.SG.F

Syntax

Temporal–Explanatory Opening:
Nunc enim — “For now”
• Sets present timing and explanation of the threat.

Participial Phrase:
extendens manum — “stretching out my hand”
• extendens — nominative masculine participle, referring to the LORD
• manum — object of the participle

Main Threat Clause:
percutiam te — “I will strike you”
• percutiam — future indicative, divine action
• te — direct object (Pharaoh)

Coordinated Object:
et populum tuum peste — “and your people with pestilence”
• populum tuum — second object of percutiam
• peste — ablative of means (“with pestilence”)

Result / Further Threat:
peribisque de terra — “and you will perish from the land”
• peribisque — future indicative + enclitic “and”
• de terra — ablative of separation (“from the land”)

Morphology

  1. Nunc — Lemma: nunc; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: temporal adverb; Function: marks present moment; Translation: “now”; Notes: Highlights immediacy of the threat.
  2. enim — Lemma: enim; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: postpositive; Function: introduces explanation; Translation: “for”; Notes: Common explanatory particle.
  3. extendens — Lemma: extendo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine present active participle; Function: circumstantial modifier of the implied subject (Dominus); Translation: “stretching out”; Notes: Depicts ongoing gesture of power.
  4. manum — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object of extendens; Translation: “hand”; Notes: Symbol of divine strength and judgment.
  5. percutiam — Lemma: percutio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative 1st singular; Function: main verb of divine threat; Translation: “I will strike”; Notes: Simple future, expressing a real threatened action.
  6. te — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: direct object of percutiam; Translation: “you”; Notes: Singular, addressed to Pharaoh.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links additional object; Translation: “and”; Notes: Adds Pharaoh’s people to the threatened group.
  8. populum — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: second direct object of percutiam; Translation: “people”; Notes: Refers to Pharaoh’s nation.
  9. tuum — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies populum; Translation: “your”; Notes: Shows Pharaoh’s responsibility for his people.
  10. peste — Lemma: pestis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: “with pestilence”; Notes: Instrument by which the blow is delivered.
  11. peribisque — Lemma: pereo + que; Part of Speech: verb + enclitic conjunction; Form: future active indicative 2nd singular + -que; Function: further result or consequence of the threatened action; Translation: “and you will perish”; Notes: Single orthographic word; -que joins this result closely to the preceding threat.
  12. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses separation or removal; Translation: “from”; Notes: Indicates being removed out of a domain.
  13. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Most naturally Egypt in context.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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