Genesis 1:30

Posted on January 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 1:30 et cunctis animantibus terræ, omnique volucri cæli, et universis quæ moventur in terra, et in quibus est anima vivens, ut habeant ad vescendum. Et factum est ita.

And to all living things of the earth, and to every bird of the heaven, and to all that move upon the earth, and in which is a living soul, that they may have for eating. And it was done so.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 cunctis to all DAT.PL.M/F
3 animantibus living creatures DAT.PL.N
4 terræ, of the earth GEN.SG.F
5 omnique and every DAT.SG.F+ENCL
6 volucri to the bird DAT.SG.F
7 cæli, of heaven GEN.SG.N
8 et and CONJ
9 universis to all DAT.PL.N
10 quæ which NOM.PL.N.REL
11 moventur move 3PL.PRES.PASS.IND
12 in on PREP+ABL
13 terra, earth ABL.SG.F
14 et and CONJ
15 in in PREP+ABL
16 quibus in which ABL.PL.M/F/N.REL
17 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
18 anima soul NOM.SG.F
19 vivens, living NOM.SG.F.PTCP.PRES.ACT
20 ut so that SUBORD.CONJ
21 habeant they may have 3PL.PRES.SUBJ.ACT
22 ad for PREP+ACC
23 vescendum. eating GERUND.ACC
24 Et and CONJ
25 factum was done NOM/ACC.SG.N.PTCP.PERF.PASS
26 est was 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
27 ita. so ADV

Syntax

Dative of advantage: cunctis animantibus, omnique volucri, universis — beneficiaries of provision
Relative clauses: quæ moventur…; in quibus est… — defining life categories
Purpose clause: ut habeant ad vescendum — divine intent for sustenance
Closure formula: Et factum est ita — confirms fulfillment

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating conjunction; Function: Links this clause to the previous; Translation: “and”; Notes: Standard Biblical linker.
  2. cunctis — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Dative plural masculine/feminine; Function: Indirect object; Translation: “to all”; Notes: Universal scope.
  3. animantibus — Lemma: animans; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Dative plural neuter; Function: Indirect object; Translation: “living creatures”; Notes: Terrestrial animals.
  4. terræ — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive singular feminine; Function: Genitive of location/realm; Translation: “of the earth”; Notes: Limits the class.
  5. omnique — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective (with enclitic -que); Form: Dative singular feminine; Function: Adds coordinated beneficiary; Translation: “and every”; Notes: -que coordinates with the following noun.
  6. volucri — Lemma: volucris; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Dative singular feminine; Function: Indirect object; Translation: “to the bird”; Notes: User-specified lexeme (not “volatile”).
  7. cæli — Lemma: cælum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive singular neuter; Function: Genitive of space; Translation: “of heaven”; Notes: Aerial domain.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating; Function: Adds another beneficiary group; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues list.
  9. universis — Lemma: universus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Dative plural neuter; Function: Modifies the relative pronoun’s referent; Translation: “to all”; Notes: Comprehensive range.
  10. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: Nominative plural neuter; Function: Subject of the relative clause; Translation: “which”; Notes: Refers to “all [things] that move”.
  11. moventur — Lemma: moveo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Present indicative passive, third person plural; Function: Verb of relative clause; Translation: “are moved / move”; Notes: Passive with middle-like sense in Biblical Latin.
  12. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Governing the ablative; Function: Introduces locative phrase; Translation: “in/on”; Notes: Static location.
  13. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative singular feminine; Function: Object of preposition in; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: Locative ablative.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating; Function: Links to the next relative unit; Translation: “and”; Notes: Parataxis.
  15. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Governing the ablative; Function: Introduces internal location; Translation: “in”; Notes: Interior sense.
  16. quibus — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: Ablative plural; Function: Object of in; Translation: “in which”; Notes: Refers to living beings just mentioned.
  17. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Present indicative active, third person singular; Function: Copula of the clause; Translation: “is”; Notes: Links subject to predicate.
  18. anima — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative singular feminine; Function: Subject complement/predicate nominative; Translation: “soul”; Notes: Life principle.
  19. vivens — Lemma: vivo; Part of Speech: Participle; Form: Present active participle, nominative singular feminine; Function: Modifies anima; Translation: “living”; Notes: Qualifies the soul as life-giving.
  20. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Subordinator of purpose; Function: Introduces purpose clause; Translation: “so that”; Notes: Governs the subjunctive.
  21. habeant — Lemma: habeo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Present subjunctive active, third person plural; Function: Verb of purpose clause; Translation: “they may have”; Notes: Intended outcome of provision.
  22. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Governing the accusative; Function: Marks purpose/goal; Translation: “for/to”; Notes: With gerund as complement.
  23. vescendum — Lemma: vescor; Part of Speech: Verb (gerund); Form: Accusative singular; Function: Object of ad expressing purpose; Translation: “eating”; Notes: From deponent vescor; ad + gerund = purpose.
  24. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating; Function: Introduces result formula; Translation: “and”; Notes: Narrative closure cue.
  25. factum — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: Participle; Form: Perfect passive participle, nominative/accusative singular neuter; Function: Predicate with est; Translation: “was done”; Notes: Creation-formula usage.
  26. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Present indicative active, third person singular; Function: Auxiliary/copula; Translation: “was”; Notes: Forms periphrastic passive.
  27. ita — Lemma: ita; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Adverb of manner/result; Translation: “so/thus”; Notes: Confirms fulfillment.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Genesis. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.