Genesis 22:21

Posted on January 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

21 Hus primogenitum, et Buz fratrem eius, et Camuel patrem Syrorum,

Hus the firstborn, and Buz his brother, and Camuel the father of the Syrians,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Hus Huz ACC.SG.M
2 primogenitum firstborn ACC.SG.M
3 et and CONJ
4 Buz Buz ACC.SG.M
5 fratrem brother ACC.SG.M
6 eius his PRON.POSS.GEN.SG.M
7 et and CONJ
8 Camuel Kemuel ACC.SG.M
9 patrem father ACC.SG.M
10 Syrorum of the Syrians GEN.PL.M

Syntax

Structure: This phrase forms part of an enumeration dependent on genuisset from the previous verse (“that Milcah had borne…”).
Coordinated Accusative Phrases:
– Hus primogenitum (“Huz the firstborn”) — accusative phrase naming the first son.
– et Buz fratrem eius (“and Buz his brother”) — coordinated with the previous through et.
– et Camuel patrem Syrorum (“and Kemuel the father of the Syrians”) — third coordinated accusative, with patrem Syrorum appositional phrase explaining lineage.
Apposition and Possession: fratrem eius and patrem Syrorum both function appositionally, clarifying identity and descent.
Overall Syntax: A series of accusatives naming the sons of Nahor, all grammatically dependent on genuisset in the previous sentence.

Morphology

  1. Hus — Lemma: Hus; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: direct object of implied genuisset; Translation: “Huz”; Notes: Eldest son of Nahor and Milcah.
  2. primogenitum — Lemma: primogenitus; Part of Speech: adjective/substantive; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: apposition to Hus; Translation: “firstborn”; Notes: Specifies birth order among siblings.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links coordinate elements; Translation: “and”; Notes: Connects series of sons.
  4. Buz — Lemma: Buz; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: second direct object; Translation: “Buz”; Notes: Second son of Nahor and Milcah.
  5. fratrem — Lemma: frater; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: apposition to Buz; Translation: “brother”; Notes: Defines relationship with Hus.
  6. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun (possessive); Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: genitive of possession modifying fratrem; Translation: “his”; Notes: Refers to Hus.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: joins third coordinate phrase; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues the genealogical list.
  8. Camuel — Lemma: Camuel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: third direct object; Translation: “Kemuel”; Notes: Another son of Nahor.
  9. patrem — Lemma: pater; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: apposition to Camuel; Translation: “father”; Notes: Marks genealogical role as progenitor.
  10. Syrorum — Lemma: Syri; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive masculine plural; Function: genitive of relation modifying patrem; Translation: “of the Syrians”; Notes: Indicates Kemuel’s descendants as founders of Aramean peoples.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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