Genesis 22:22

Posted on January 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

22 et Cased, et Azau, Pheldas quoque et Iedlaph,

and Cased, and Azau, and Pheldas also, and Jedlaph,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 Cased Chesed ACC.SG.M
3 et and CONJ
4 Azau Hazo ACC.SG.M
5 Pheldas Pildash ACC.SG.M
6 quoque also ADV
7 et and CONJ
8 Iedlaph Jidlaph ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Structure: This verse continues the series of accusative names depending on the previous verb genuisset (“had borne”). Each name stands in the accusative as an additional direct object of Milcah’s bearing.
Coordination: Multiple instances of et link the proper names, forming a polysyndetic list — stylistically frequent in genealogical passages to mark each offspring distinctly.
Adverbial Emphasis: quoque modifies Pheldas to emphasize inclusion — “Pildash also,” suggesting the list’s completeness.
Overall Function: Completes the catalog of sons born to Nahor and Milcah, situating them in patriarchal lineage following Kemuel.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects coordinate nouns; Translation: “and”; Notes: Used repetitively for each new name, emphasizing distinct enumeration.
  2. Cased — Lemma: Cased; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: direct object (one of the sons); Translation: “Chesed”; Notes: The name is associated with the Chaldean region in later genealogies.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: continues coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Polysyndetic connective.
  4. Azau — Lemma: Azau; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: “Hazo”; Notes: Another son of Nahor, name likely linked to northern Aramean tribes.
  5. Pheldas — Lemma: Pheldas; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: “Pildash”; Notes: Name possibly of Semitic origin; appears with quoque for emphasis.
  6. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: intensifier; Translation: “also”; Notes: Marks inclusion and completeness of enumeration.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces final element; Translation: “and”; Notes: Concludes coordination pattern.
  8. Iedlaph — Lemma: Iedlaph; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: final direct object in series; Translation: “Jidlaph”; Notes: Completes the genealogical sequence.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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