Genesis 25:19

Posted on January 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 25:19 Hæ quoque sunt generationes Isaac filii Abraham: Abraham genuit Isaac:

These also are the generations of Isaac, the son of Abraham: Abraham begot Isaac;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Hæ these DEM.PRON.NOM.PL.F
2 quoque also ADV
3 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
4 generationes generations NOUN.NOM.PL.F
5 Isaac Isaac PROPN.GEN.SG.M
6 filii of the son NOUN.GEN.SG.M
7 Abraham Abraham PROPN.GEN.SG.M
8 Abraham Abraham PROPN.NOM.SG.M
9 genuit begot 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
10 Isaac Isaac PROPN.ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause 1: Hæ quoque sunt generationes Isaac filii Abraham — Hæ (subject) + sunt (copula) + generationes (predicate nominative) introduces the genealogy of Isaac.
The genitive phrase Isaac filii Abraham specifies lineage: “of Isaac, the son of Abraham.”
Main Clause 2: Abraham genuit Isaac — a simple subject-verb-object construction, emphasizing direct paternal descent.

Morphology

  1. Hæ — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject; Translation: “these”; Notes: Refers to the genealogical records about to follow.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: adverbial modifier; Translation: “also”; Notes: Adds continuity with the previous genealogy of Ismael.
  3. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative 3rd person plural; Function: copulative verb; Translation: “are”; Notes: Links subject and predicate nominative.
  4. generationes — Lemma: generatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: “generations”; Notes: Introduces a new genealogical section.
  5. Isaac — Lemma: Isaac; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive of possession; Translation: “of Isaac”; Notes: Indicates that the genealogy concerns Isaac.
  6. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive genitive modifying “Isaac”; Translation: “of the son”; Notes: Identifies Isaac as Abraham’s son.
  7. Abraham — Lemma: Abraham; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive of possession modifying “filii”; Translation: “of Abraham”; Notes: Marks patriarchal lineage.
  8. Abraham — Lemma: Abraham; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of “genuit”; Translation: “Abraham”; Notes: Subject of the second clause.
  9. genuit — Lemma: gigno; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd person singular; Function: predicate verb; Translation: “begot”; Notes: Indicates paternity in biblical genealogical language.
  10. Isaac — Lemma: Isaac; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of “genuit”; Translation: “Isaac”; Notes: Object of Abraham’s generative action.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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