Genesis 41:45

Posted on February 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

45 Vertitque nomen eius, et vocavit eum lingua Ægyptiaca, Salvatorem mundi. Deditque illi uxorem Aseneth filiam Putiphare sacerdotis Heliopoleos. Egressus est itaque Ioseph ad terram Ægypti

And he changed his name, and he called him in the Egyptian tongue, the Savior of the world. And he gave him a wife, Aseneth, the daughter of Putiphare, the priest of Heliopolis. And Joseph therefore went out over the land of Egypt.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Vertitque and he changed 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND + -QUE
2 nomen name ACC.SG.N
3 eius his GEN.SG.M
4 et and CONJ
5 vocavit he called 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
6 eum him ACC.SG.M
7 lingua in the tongue ABL.SG.F
8 Aegyptiaca Egyptian ABL.SG.F
9 Salvatorem Savior ACC.SG.M
10 mundi of the world GEN.SG.M
11 Deditque and he gave 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND + -QUE
12 illi to him DAT.SG.M
13 uxorem wife ACC.SG.F
14 Aseneth Aseneth ACC.SG.F
15 filiam daughter ACC.SG.F
16 Putiphare Putiphare GEN.SG.M
17 sacerdotis of the priest GEN.SG.M
18 Heliopoleos of Heliopolis GEN.SG.F
19 Egressus having gone out NOM.SG.M.PERF.PASS.PTCP
20 est he went 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
21 itaque therefore ADV
22 Ioseph Joseph NOM.SG.M
23 ad to PREP+ACC
24 terram land ACC.SG.F
25 Aegypti of Egypt GEN.SG.F

Syntax

Clause 1:
• Vertitque nomen eius — “And he changed his name.”
— Vertitque = main verb.
— nomen eius = object + possessive genitive (Joseph’s name).

Clause 2:
• et vocavit eum lingua Aegyptiaca Salvatorem mundi
— vocavit eum = main verb + object.
— lingua Aegyptiaca = ablative of specification (“in the Egyptian tongue”).
— Salvatorem mundi = predicate accusative.

Clause 3:
• Deditque illi uxorem Aseneth filiam Putiphare sacerdotis Heliopoleos
— Deditque = main verb (gift/appointment).
— illi = indirect object.
— uxorem Aseneth = direct object.
— filiam Putiphare sacerdotis Heliopoleos = appositional genitive chain.

Clause 4:
• Egressus est itaque Ioseph ad terram Aegypti
— Egressus est = deponent perfect (“he went out”).
— ad terram Aegypti = direction (towards the land of Egypt).

Morphology

  1. Vertitque — Lemma: verto; Part of Speech: verb + enclitic; Form: perfect active indicative third person singular; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: “and he changed”; Notes: -que links to the next action.
  2. nomen — Lemma: nomen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: “name”; Notes: refers to Joseph’s new Egyptian title.
  3. eius — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive; Translation: “his”; Notes: refers to Joseph.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple connector.
  5. vocavit — Lemma: voco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “he called”; Notes: introduces the new title.
  6. eum — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “him”; Notes: Joseph.
  7. lingua — Lemma: lingua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of specification; Translation: “in the tongue”; Notes: indicates language.
  8. Aegyptiaca — Lemma: Aegyptiacus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies lingua; Translation: “Egyptian”; Notes: Egyptian language.
  9. Salvatorem — Lemma: salvator; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: predicate accusative; Translation: “Savior”; Notes: Egyptian title “Zaphenath-paneah.”
  10. mundi — Lemma: mundus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive of possession; Translation: “of the world”; Notes: reflects Joseph’s global-saving role.
  11. Deditque — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: verb + enclitic; Form: perfect active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “and he gave”; Notes: marriage arrangement.
  12. illi — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Joseph.
  13. uxorem — Lemma: uxor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: “wife”; Notes: marriage gift.
  14. Aseneth — Lemma: Aseneth; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: apposition; Translation: “Aseneth”; Notes: Egyptian name.
  15. filiam — Lemma: filia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: further apposition; Translation: “daughter”; Notes: clarifies lineage.
  16. Putiphare — Lemma: Putiphar; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive; Translation: “of Putiphare”; Notes: priestly household.
  17. sacerdotis — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies Putiphare; Translation: “of the priest”; Notes: priestly office.
  18. Heliopoleos — Lemma: Heliopolis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: locative genitive; Translation: “of Heliopolis”; Notes: chief cult center.
  19. Egressus — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive participle (deponent); Function: part of periphrastic verb; Translation: “having gone out”; Notes: deponent with active meaning.
  20. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person singular; Function: auxiliary; Translation: “he went”; Notes: completes deponent perfect.
  21. itaque — Lemma: itaque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: logical marker; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: follows Pharaoh’s elevation of Joseph.
  22. Ioseph — Lemma: Ioseph; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “Joseph”; Notes: begins his administrative work.
  23. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction; Translation: “to”; Notes: used with motion verbs.
  24. terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “land”; Notes: Joseph’s sphere of administration.
  25. Aegypti — Lemma: Aegyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: specifies region; Translation: “of Egypt”; Notes: national territory.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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