Leviticus 11:29

Posted on April 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 11:29 Hæc quoque inter polluta reputabuntur de his, quæ moventur in terra, mustela et mus et crocodilus, singula iuxta genus suum,

These also shall be considered among unclean, that move upon the land, the weasel and the mouse and the crocodile, each according to its kind,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Hæc these NOM.PL.N
2 quoque also ADV
3 inter among PREP+ACC
4 polluta unclean things ACC.PL.N
5 reputabuntur will be considered 3PL.FUT.PASS.IND
6 de from PREP+ABL
7 his those ABL.PL
8 quæ which REL.NOM.PL.N
9 moventur move 3PL.PRES.DEP.IND
10 in on PREP+ABL
11 terra land ABL.SG.F
12 mustela weasel NOM.SG.F
13 et and CONJ
14 mus mouse NOM.SG.M
15 et and CONJ
16 crocodilus crocodile NOM.SG.M
17 singula each NOM.PL.N
18 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
19 genus kind ACC.SG.N
20 suum its own ACC.SG.N.POSS

Syntax

Demonstrative Subject: Hæc quoque — introduces an additional category
Predication: inter polluta reputabuntur — legal classification as unclean
Restrictive Source: de his quæ moventur in terra — animals defined by habitat and motion
Enumerated Members: mustela et mus et crocodilus — specific unclean animals
Distributive Rule: singula iuxta genus suum — applied individually by kind

Morphology

  1. Hæc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter plural; Function: subject; Translation: these; Notes: Points to the animals about to be listed.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: additive emphasis; Translation: also; Notes: Adds this group to prior impurity laws.
  3. inter — Lemma: inter; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: classification; Translation: among; Notes: Indicates inclusion within a category.
  4. polluta — Lemma: pollutus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: object of inter; Translation: unclean things; Notes: Collective term for ritually defiled creatures.
  5. reputabuntur — Lemma: reputo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future passive indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: will be considered; Notes: Formal declaration of legal status.
  6. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: partitive source; Translation: from; Notes: Selects a subset from a larger group.
  7. his — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative plural; Function: object of de; Translation: those; Notes: Refers to creatures previously defined.
  8. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter plural; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Introduces defining behavior.
  9. moventur — Lemma: moveo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present deponent indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: move; Notes: Describes creeping or moving creatures.
  10. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: location; Translation: on; Notes: Indicates surface location.
  11. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: object of in; Translation: land; Notes: Terrestrial environment.
  12. mustela — Lemma: mustela; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: item in enumeration; Translation: weasel; Notes: Small land mammal listed as unclean.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins items in a list.
  14. mus — Lemma: mus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: item in enumeration; Translation: mouse; Notes: Small rodent classed as unclean.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Continues enumeration.
  16. crocodilus — Lemma: crocodilus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: item in enumeration; Translation: crocodile; Notes: Land and water creature classified as unclean.
  17. singula — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative neuter plural; Function: distributive subject; Translation: each; Notes: Applies the rule individually.
  18. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: standard of classification; Translation: according to; Notes: Establishes taxonomic grouping.
  19. genus — Lemma: genus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: kind; Notes: Species or category.
  20. suum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: modifier of genus; Translation: its own; Notes: Refers to each animal’s respective kind.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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