Leviticus 11:5

^{Lv 11:5} Chœrogryllus qui ruminat, ungulamque non dividit, immundus est.

The chœrogryllus which chews the cud, and does not divide the hoof, is unclean.

Syntax

Subject: Chœrogryllus — specific animal under classification
Relative Clause: qui ruminat ungulamque non dividit — defining biological traits
Predicate: immundus est — ritual status assigned

Morphology

1. Chœrogryllus — Lemma: chœrogryllus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: chœrogryllus; Notes: Traditional Vulgate zoological term commonly identified with the hyrax. The Latin term Choerogryllus is derived from the Ancient Greek word khoirogrúllios (χοιρογρύλλιος). This Greek compound word is formed from two parts, both of which relate to a pig or pig-like animal:
   1. ​Choîros (χοῖρος): Meaning “young pig” or “swine.”
   2. ​Grûllos (γρῦλος): Also meaning “pig” or “young pig,” and is related to gryzein (γρύζειν), meaning “to grunt.”

   ​The Greek word was likely chosen to translate the Hebrew term for the hyrax due to the animal’s physical description or perhaps a perceived similarity to a pig or boar in certain characteristics. ​In summary, the Latin Chœrogryllus means the hyrax, an animal whose name literally suggests a “pig-like grunt” or “pig-pig” when broken down into its Greek roots.

2. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to Chœrogryllus.
3. ruminat — Lemma: rumino; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: predicate of relative clause; Translation: chews the cud; Notes: One qualifying dietary trait.
4. ungulamque — Lemma: ungula; Part of Speech: noun with enclitic conjunction; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object of dividit; Translation: and the hoof; Notes: Hoof condition under evaluation.
5. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Denies required condition.
6. dividit — Lemma: divido; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: predicate of relative clause; Translation: divides; Notes: Absence of a split hoof.
7. immundus — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Ritual classification.
8. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: States legal status.