Leviticus 11:4

Posted on April 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 11:4 Quidquid autem ruminat quidem, et habet ungulam, sed non dividit eam, sicut camelus et cetera, non comedetis illud, et inter immunda reputabitis.

But whatever indeed chews the cud and has a hoof yet does not divide it such as the camel and the rest you shall not eat it and you shall regard it among the unclean.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quidquid whatever NOM.SG.N
2 autem but CONJ
3 ruminat chews the cud 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
4 quidem indeed ADV
5 et and CONJ
6 habet has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
7 ungulam hoof ACC.SG.F
8 sed but CONJ
9 non not ADV
10 dividit divides 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
11 eam it ACC.SG.F
12 sicut such as CONJ
13 camelus camel NOM.SG.M
14 et and CONJ
15 cetera the rest NOM.PL.N
16 non not ADV
17 comedetis you shall eat 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
18 illud it ACC.SG.N
19 et and CONJ
20 inter among PREP+ACC
21 immunda unclean things ACC.PL.N
22 reputabitis you shall regard 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND

Syntax

Subject: Quidquid — comprehensive class under discussion
Concessive Traits: ruminat quidem et habet ungulam — partial qualifications
Adversative Limitation: sed non dividit eam — disqualifying condition
Exemplification: sicut camelus et cetera — illustrative members
Main Prohibition: non comedetis illud — explicit ban
Resulting Classification: inter immunda reputabitis — legal status assigned

Morphology

  1. Quidquid — Lemma: quidquid; Part of Speech: indefinite relative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject; Translation: whatever; Notes: Introduces a general category.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: adversative; Translation: but; Notes: Marks contrast with the previous permission.
  3. ruminat — Lemma: rumino; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: predicate of relative clause; Translation: chews the cud; Notes: First qualifying trait.
  4. quidem — Lemma: quidem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: concessive emphasis; Translation: indeed; Notes: Acknowledges a partial condition.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins traits.
  6. habet — Lemma: habeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: predicate; Translation: has; Notes: Possession of a hoof.
  7. ungulam — Lemma: ungula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: hoof; Notes: Anatomical feature.
  8. sed — Lemma: sed; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: adversative; Translation: but; Notes: Introduces disqualification.
  9. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Denies required trait.
  10. dividit — Lemma: divido; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: predicate; Translation: divides; Notes: Absence of split hoof.
  11. eam — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: it; Notes: Refers to the hoof.
  12. sicut — Lemma: sicut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: comparison; Translation: such as; Notes: Introduces examples.
  13. camelus — Lemma: camelus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: example; Translation: camel; Notes: Canonical instance of exception.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links examples.
  15. cetera — Lemma: ceterus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative neuter plural; Function: apposition; Translation: the rest; Notes: Additional similar cases.
  16. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Governs the prohibition.
  17. comedetis — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: you shall eat; Notes: Legal prohibition in future form.
  18. illud — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: direct object; Translation: it; Notes: Refers to the animal.
  19. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links consequence.
  20. inter — Lemma: inter; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: classification; Translation: among; Notes: Category placement.
  21. immunda — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: object of inter; Translation: unclean things; Notes: Ritual impurity.
  22. reputabitis — Lemma: reputo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: declarative judgment; Translation: you shall regard; Notes: Authoritative legal reckoning.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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