Leviticus 12:5

Posted on April 12, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 12:5 Sin autem feminam pepererit, immunda erit duabus hebdomadibus iuxta ritum fluxus menstrui, et sexaginta sex diebus manebit in sanguine purificationis suæ.

But if she gives birth to a female, she shall be unclean for two weeks according to the manner of menstrual discharge, and she shall remain sixty six days in the blood of her purification.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sin but if CONJ
2 autem however ADV
3 feminam female ACC.SG.F
4 pepererit has given birth 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
5 immunda unclean NOM.SG.F
6 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
7 duabus two ABL.PL.F
8 hebdomadibus weeks ABL.PL.F
9 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
10 ritum manner ACC.SG.M
11 fluxus flow GEN.SG.M
12 menstrui menstrual GEN.SG.M
13 et and CONJ
14 sexaginta sixty INDECL
15 sex six INDECL
16 diebus days ABL.PL.M
17 manebit shall remain 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
18 in in PREP+ABL
19 sanguine blood ABL.SG.M
20 purificationis of purification GEN.SG.F
21 suæ her GEN.SG.F.POSS

Syntax

Conditional Clause: Sin autem feminam pepererit — conditional protasis introducing an alternative case
Main Predicate: immunda erit — legal state declared
Duration Phrase: duabus hebdomadibus — ablative of time
Normative Comparison: iuxta ritum fluxus menstrui — standard of impurity
Extended Duration: et sexaginta sex diebus manebit — second period specified
State Specification: in sanguine purificationis suæ — ritual condition

Morphology

  1. Sin — Lemma: sin; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: conditional marker; Translation: but if; Notes: Introduces a contrasting legal case.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: adversative nuance; Translation: however; Notes: Softens the transition to an alternate scenario.
  3. feminam — Lemma: femina; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: female; Notes: Specifies the sex of the child.
  4. pepererit — Lemma: pario; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of the conditional clause; Translation: has given birth; Notes: Subjunctive governed by sin.
  5. immunda — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Ritual impurity status.
  6. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: copular verb; Translation: shall be; Notes: Expresses legal determination.
  7. duabus — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: modifier; Translation: two; Notes: Agrees with hebdomadibus.
  8. hebdomadibus — Lemma: hebdomas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: ablative of time; Translation: weeks; Notes: Period of initial impurity.
  9. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: standard of comparison; Translation: according to; Notes: Indicates normative pattern.
  10. ritum — Lemma: ritus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: manner; Notes: Established ritual practice.
  11. fluxus — Lemma: fluxus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: genitive modifier; Translation: flow; Notes: Refers to bodily discharge.
  12. menstrui — Lemma: menstruus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies fluxus; Translation: menstrual; Notes: Technical purity terminology.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links two periods of impurity.
  14. sexaginta — Lemma: sexaginta; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifier; Translation: sixty; Notes: Part of a compound numeral.
  15. sex — Lemma: sex; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifier; Translation: six; Notes: Completes the total duration.
  16. diebus — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: ablative of time; Translation: days; Notes: Length of extended impurity.
  17. manebit — Lemma: maneo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: shall remain; Notes: Expresses continued ritual state.
  18. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: state or condition; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates ritual status.
  19. sanguine — Lemma: sanguis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: object of in; Translation: blood; Notes: Purity-related term.
  20. purificationis — Lemma: purificatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: genitive modifier; Translation: of purification; Notes: Ritual process designation.
  21. suæ — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: modifier; Translation: her; Notes: Refers to the mother.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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