Leviticus 16:12

Posted on April 16, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 16:12 assumptoque thuribulo, quod de prunis altaris impleverit, et hauriens manu compositum thymiama in incensum, ultra velum intrabit in Sancta:

and having taken the censer, which he has filled with coals from the altar, and drawing with his hand the compounded incense, he shall enter beyond the veil into the Holy Place.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 assumptoque having-taken-and PTCP.ABL.SG.N.PERF.PASS+CONJ
2 thuribulo censer ABL.SG.N
3 quod which ACC.SG.N.REL
4 de from PREP+ABL
5 prunis coals ABL.PL.F
6 altaris altar GEN.SG.N
7 impleverit he-has-filled 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
8 et and CONJ
9 hauriens drawing PTCP.NOM.SG.M.PRES.ACT
10 manu with-the-hand ABL.SG.F
11 compositum compounded ACC.SG.N
12 thymiama incense ACC.SG.N
13 in for/as PREP+ACC
14 incensum incense-offering ACC.SG.N
15 ultra beyond PREP+ACC
16 velum veil ACC.SG.N
17 intrabit he-will-enter 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
18 in into PREP+ACC
19 Sancta Holy-Place ACC.PL.N

Syntax

Ablative Absolute: assumptoque thuribulo — preparatory circumstance indicating possession of the censer
Relative Clause: quod de prunis altaris impleverit — specifies the censer’s contents, with perfect subjunctive describing completed preparation
Participial Modifier: hauriens manu compositum thymiama — attendant action describing the act of taking incense
Purpose Phrase: in incensum — designates the use of the incense
Main Clause: intrabit — decisive ritual movement
Directional Phrases: ultra velum + in Sancta — movement beyond the veil into the Holy Place

Morphology

  1. assumptoque — Lemma: assumo; Part of Speech: verb (participle) with enclitic conjunction; Form: perfect passive participle ablative neuter singular + enclitic -que; Function: forms an ablative absolute; Translation: and having been taken; Notes: Introduces a preparatory action preceding entry.
  2. thuribulo — Lemma: thuribulum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular, second declension; Function: ablative absolute noun; Translation: censer; Notes: Vessel used for burning incense.
  3. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object of impleverit; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to thuribulo.
  4. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: marks source; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates origin of the coals.
  5. prunis — Lemma: pruna; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine plural, first declension; Function: object of de; Translation: coals; Notes: Live embers suitable for incense.
  6. altaris — Lemma: altare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive neuter singular, third declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the altar; Notes: Specifies the sacred source.
  7. impleverit — Lemma: impleo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: he has filled; Notes: Marks completed preparation prior to entry.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links preparatory actions.
  9. hauriens — Lemma: haurio; Part of Speech: verb participle; Form: present participle nominative masculine singular active; Function: circumstantial modifier; Translation: drawing; Notes: Describes taking incense by hand.
  10. manu — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular, fourth declension; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with the hand; Notes: Emphasizes manual action.
  11. compositum — Lemma: compositus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: modifies thymiama; Translation: compounded; Notes: Indicates prepared incense mixture.
  12. thymiama — Lemma: thymiama; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular, third declension; Function: direct object of hauriens; Translation: incense; Notes: Used in sacred fumigation.
  13. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: expresses purpose/designation; Translation: for/as; Notes: Marks intended ritual use.
  14. incensum — Lemma: incensum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular, second declension; Function: object of in; Translation: incense-offering; Notes: The act of burning incense.
  15. ultra — Lemma: ultra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: marks movement beyond; Translation: beyond; Notes: Indicates passage past a boundary.
  16. velum — Lemma: velum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular, second declension; Function: object of ultra; Translation: veil; Notes: Separates the Holy Place from the inner sanctuary.
  17. intrabit — Lemma: intro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main predicate; Translation: he will enter; Notes: Marks authorized access.
  18. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: indicates motion toward; Translation: into; Notes: Directional use.
  19. Sancta — Lemma: sancta; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: object of in; Translation: Holy Place; Notes: Refers to the sacred inner area.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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