Leviticus 19:25

Posted on April 19, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

25 Quinto autem anno comedetis fructus, congregantes poma quæ proferunt. ego Dominus Deus vester.

But in the fifth year you shall eat the fruits, gathering the fruits which they produce. I am the LORD your God.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quinto fifth ABL.SG.M ORD.ADJ
2 autem but CONJ
3 anno year ABL.SG.M 2ND DECL NOUN
4 comedetis you shall eat 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
5 fructus fruits ACC.PL.M 4TH DECL NOUN
6 congregantes gathering NOM.PL.M PRES.PTCP.ACT
7 poma fruits ACC.PL.N 2ND DECL NOUN
8 quæ which ACC.PL.N REL.PRON
9 proferunt they produce 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
10 ego I NOM.SG PERS.PRON
11 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M 2ND DECL NOUN
12 Deus God NOM.SG.M 2ND DECL NOUN
13 vester your NOM.SG.M POSS.ADJ

Syntax

Temporal Frame: Quinto autem anno (ablative of time indicating when the permission applies)

Main Command: comedetis fructus (future indicative expressing authorized action)

Participial Manner: congregantes poma (present participle describing attendant action)

Relative Clause: quæ proferunt (defines the fruits by their natural yield)

Authority Formula: ego Dominus Deus vester (divine self-identification grounding the ordinance)

Morphology

  1. Quinto — Lemma: quintus; Part of Speech: ordinal adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies anno in a temporal phrase; Translation: fifth; Notes: marks the permitted year following prior restrictions.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: postpositive; Function: introduces a transition; Translation: but; Notes: shifts from consecration to consumption.
  3. anno — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular second declension; Function: ablative of time when; Translation: year; Notes: establishes the temporal condition.
  4. comedetis — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: you shall eat; Notes: future indicative conveys authorized permission.
  5. fructus — Lemma: fructus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine plural fourth declension; Function: direct object of comedetis; Translation: fruits; Notes: plural sense despite identical singular form.
  6. congregantes — Lemma: congrego; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative masculine plural present active; Function: participle of manner agreeing with the subject “you”; Translation: gathering; Notes: indicates orderly collection.
  7. poma — Lemma: pomum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter plural second declension; Function: object of congregantes; Translation: fruits; Notes: concrete produce of the trees.
  8. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: object of proferunt; Translation: which; Notes: refers back to poma.
  9. proferunt — Lemma: profero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present indicative active; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: they produce; Notes: describes natural yield.
  10. ego — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: subject of identification; Translation: I; Notes: emphatic divine self-reference.
  11. Dominus — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular second declension; Function: apposition to ego; Translation: LORD; Notes: rendered in all caps for YHWH.
  12. Deus — Lemma: deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular second declension; Function: further apposition; Translation: God; Notes: identifies divine nature.
  13. vester — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: modifies Deus; Translation: your; Notes: affirms covenant relationship.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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