Leviticus 25:6

Posted on April 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 25:6 sed erunt vobis in cibum, tibi et servo tuo, ancillæ et mercenario tuo, et advenæ qui peregrinantur apud te:

but they shall be for you as food, for you and your servant, for your maidservant and your hired worker, and for the sojourner who sojourn among you;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 sed but CONJ
2 erunt they will be 3PL.FUT.IND.ACT
3 vobis for you DAT.PL.PERS
4 in for / into PREP+ACC
5 cibum food ACC.SG.M.2ND.DECL
6 tibi for you DAT.SG.PERS
7 et and CONJ
8 servo servant DAT.SG.M.2ND.DECL
9 tuo your DAT.SG.M.POSS
10 ancillæ maidservant DAT.SG.F.1ST.DECL
11 et and CONJ
12 mercenario hired worker DAT.SG.M.2ND.DECL
13 tuo your DAT.SG.M.POSS
14 et and CONJ
15 advenæ sojourners NOM.PL.M.1ST.DECL
16 qui who NOM.PL.M.REL
17 peregrinantur sojourn 3PL.PRES.IND.DEP
18 apud among PREP+ACC
19 te you ACC.SG.PERS

Syntax

Main Clause: erunt (verb) with implied subject referring to the land’s produce + in cibum (predicate accusative expressing purpose).
Dative of Advantage: vobis — general addressees of the provision.
Expanded Dative Series: tibi, servo tuo, ancillæ, mercenario tuo — enumerated beneficiaries.
Additional Subject Group: advenæ qualified by the relative clause qui peregrinantur apud te — resident sojourners included in the provision.

Morphology

  1. sed — Lemma: sed; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces contrast; Translation: but; Notes: Marks a shift from prohibition to permitted use.
  2. erunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: they will be; Notes: Refers back to the spontaneous produce of the land.
  3. vobis — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: dative of advantage; Translation: for you; Notes: Addresses Israel collectively.
  4. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: expresses purpose/result; Translation: for; Notes: With the accusative it indicates intended function.
  5. cibum — Lemma: cibus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, second declension; Function: predicate accusative with in; Translation: food; Notes: Specifies lawful consumption rather than commercial harvest.
  6. tibi — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: individual beneficiary; Translation: for you; Notes: Narrows the address from the collective to the individual landholder.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links members of the household.
  8. servo — Lemma: servus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine, second declension; Function: beneficiary; Translation: servant; Notes: Indicates household dependents share in the provision.
  9. tuo — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: modifies servo; Translation: your; Notes: Personal ownership within the household context.
  10. ancillæ — Lemma: ancilla; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular feminine, first declension; Function: beneficiary; Translation: maidservant; Notes: Feminine counterpart to servus, equally included.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Continues the beneficiary list.
  12. mercenario — Lemma: mercenarius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine, second declension; Function: beneficiary; Translation: hired worker; Notes: Includes temporary laborers, not only permanent household members.
  13. tuo — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: modifies mercenario; Translation: your; Notes: Indicates economic association rather than kinship.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Introduces a broader social category.
  15. advenæ — Lemma: advena; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine, first declension; Function: additional subject group; Translation: sojourners; Notes: Non-native residents living within the community.
  16. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: introduces a relative clause modifying advenæ; Translation: who; Notes: Links the following description specifically to the sojourners.
  17. peregrinantur — Lemma: peregrinor; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: third person plural present indicative; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: sojourn; Notes: Emphasizes temporary residence rather than permanent settlement.
  18. apud — Lemma: apud; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: expresses proximity; Translation: among; Notes: Indicates close dwelling rather than mere geographic presence.
  19. te — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: object of apud; Translation: you; Notes: Refers to the individual Israelite householder.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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