Leviticus 3:10

Posted on April 3, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 3:10 cum renibus, et pinguedinem quæ operit ventrem atque universa vitalia, et utrumque renunculum cum adipe qui est iuxta ilia, reticulumque iecoris cum renunculis.

with the kidneys, and the fat that covers the belly and all the vital organs, and the two little kidneys with the fat that is beside the loins, and the lobe of the liver with the small kidneys.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 cum with PREP+ABL
2 renibus kidneys NOUN, ABL.PL.M, 3RD DECL
3 et and CONJ
4 pinguedinem fat NOUN, ACC.SG.F, 3RD DECL
5 quæ which PRON, NOM.SG.F, REL
6 operit covers VERB, 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
7 ventrem belly NOUN, ACC.SG.M, 3RD DECL
8 atque and also CONJ
9 universa all ADJ, ACC.PL.N, POS
10 vitalia vital organs NOUN, ACC.PL.N, 3RD DECL
11 et and CONJ
12 utrumque each of the two PRON, ACC.SG.N, INDEF
13 renunculum little kidney NOUN, ACC.SG.N, 2ND DECL
14 cum with PREP+ABL
15 adipe fat NOUN, ABL.SG.M, 3RD DECL
16 qui which PRON, NOM.SG.M, REL
17 est is VERB, 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
18 iuxta next to PREP+ACC
19 ilia loins NOUN, ACC.PL.N, 3RD DECL
20 reticulumque and the lobe NOUN, ACC.SG.N, 2ND DECL + ENCLITIC -QUE
21 iecoris of the liver NOUN, GEN.SG.N, 3RD DECL
22 cum with PREP+ABL
23 renunculis little kidneys NOUN, ABL.PL.N, 2ND DECL

Syntax

Prepositional Structure: cum renibus … cum renunculis — lists all internal organs accompanying the sacrificial portions.
Relative Clause: quæ operit ventrem — defines the particular fat involved.
Additional Relative Clause: qui est iuxta ilia — specifies the exact fat located beside the loins.
Coordinated Enumerations: atque universa vitalia — includes all internal organs considered sacrificial portions.
Overall Structure: A series of coordinated objects governed by implied offerent, detailing precise parts required for altar burning.

Morphology

  1. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: begins sacrificial inventory.
  2. renibus — Lemma: renes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of cum; Translation: kidneys; Notes: key sacrificial organs offered on the altar.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links items; Translation: and; Notes: continues enumeration.
  4. pinguedinem — Lemma: pinguedo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object (implied verb); Translation: fat; Notes: refers to the thick fatty layer removed for burning.
  5. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine relative; Function: subject of operit; Translation: which; Notes: antecedent is pinguedinem.
  6. operit — Lemma: operio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: covers; Notes: describes fat’s anatomical position.
  7. ventrem — Lemma: venter; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of operit; Translation: belly; Notes: refers to lower abdominal cavity.
  8. atque — Lemma: atque; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: adds emphasis; Translation: and also; Notes: strengthens addition of vitalia.
  9. universa — Lemma: universus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: modifies vitalia; Translation: all; Notes: emphasizes totality of organs.
  10. vitalia — Lemma: vitalia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object in enumeration; Translation: vital organs; Notes: technical sacrificial term.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: continues list; Translation: and; Notes: links renunculum.
  12. utrumque — Lemma: uterque; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies renunculum; Translation: each of the two; Notes: distributive pronoun denoting pair.
  13. renunculum — Lemma: renunculus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object in list; Translation: little kidney; Notes: diminutive form, smaller kidney-lobes.
  14. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: attaches adipe to renunculum.
  15. adipe — Lemma: adeps; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of cum; Translation: fat; Notes: inner fat reserved for altar.
  16. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine relative; Function: subject of est; Translation: which; Notes: refers to adeps.
  17. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: main verb of relative clause; Translation: is; Notes: locative identification.
  18. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses adjacency; Translation: next to; Notes: anatomical location.
  19. ilia — Lemma: ilia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: loins; Notes: pelvic region.
  20. reticulumque — Lemma: reticulum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter with enclitic -que; Function: coordinated object; Translation: and the lobe; Notes: refers to liver-lobe used in sacrifice.
  21. iecoris — Lemma: iecur; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: genitive modifier; Translation: of the liver; Notes: specifies organ associated with reticulum.
  22. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces final accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: attaches renunculis.
  23. renunculis — Lemma: renunculus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of cum; Translation: little kidneys; Notes: completes enumeration of internal organs.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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