Leviticus 4:22

Posted on April 4, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 4:22 Si peccaverit princeps, et fecerit unum e pluribus per ignorantiam, quod Domini lege prohibetur:

If a leader sins and does one of the things which are forbidden by the law of the LORD through ignorance;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Si if CONJ
2 peccaverit shall have sinned VERB, 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
3 princeps leader NOUN, NOM.SG.M, 3RD DECL
4 et and CONJ
5 fecerit shall have done VERB, 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
6 unum one ADJ/PRON, ACC.SG.M/N
7 e from PREP+ABL
8 pluribus many things ADJ, ABL.PL.M/N, CMPR
9 per through PREP+ACC
10 ignorantiam ignorance NOUN, ACC.SG.F, 1ST DECL
11 quod which PRON, ACC.SG.N, REL
12 Domini of the LORD NOUN, GEN.SG.M, 2ND DECL
13 lege by the law NOUN, ABL.SG.F, 3RD DECL
14 prohibetur is forbidden VERB, 3SG.PRES.PASS.IND

Syntax

Conditional Protasis: Si peccaverit princeps — introduces hypothetical case of the leader’s sin.
Coordinated Perfective Clause: et fecerit unum e pluribus per ignorantiam — specifies sinful action committed through ignorance.
Relative Clause: quod Domini lege prohibetur — identifies the action as something the law of the LORD forbids.

Morphology

  1. Si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces condition; Translation: if; Notes: protasis marker.
  2. peccaverit — Lemma: pecco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: verb of protasis; Translation: shall have sinned; Notes: anticipatory legal condition.
  3. princeps — Lemma: princeps; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: leader; Notes: official or tribal head.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins clauses; Translation: and; Notes: coordinates second legal condition.
  5. fecerit — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of second clause; Translation: shall have done; Notes: anticipates specific wrongful act.
  6. unum — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: numeral/adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine/neuter; Function: object of fecerit; Translation: one; Notes: one item from list of forbidden acts.
  7. e — Lemma: e/ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses selection; Translation: from; Notes: partitive sense.
  8. pluribus — Lemma: plus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative plural masculine/neuter, comparative; Function: completes partitive construction; Translation: many things; Notes: refers to multiple commandments.
  9. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses cause or manner; Translation: through; Notes: denotes inadvertence.
  10. ignorantiam — Lemma: ignorantia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: ignorance; Notes: legal category distinguishing unintentional sin.
  11. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of prohibetur; Translation: which; Notes: refers to the forbidden act.
  12. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies lege; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: YHWH as lawgiver.
  13. lege — Lemma: lex; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of agent/instrument; Translation: by the law; Notes: legislative authority.
  14. prohibetur — Lemma: prohibeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present passive indicative; Function: main verb of relative clause; Translation: is forbidden; Notes: passive emphasizes divine prohibition.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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