Leviticus 5:2

Posted on April 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 5:2 Anima, quæ tetigerit aliquid immundum, sive quod occisum a bestia est, aut per se mortuum, aut quodlibet aliud reptile: et oblita fuerit immunditiæ suæ, rea est, et deliquit:

A soul who touches anything unclean, whether what has been killed by a beast, or that which has died of itself, or any other creeping thing; and has forgotten her uncleanness, is guilty and has sinned.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Anima a soul NOUN, NOM.SG.F
2 quæ who PRON, NOM.SG.F, REL
3 tetigerit has touched VERB, 3SG.FUTPERF.ACT.IND
4 aliquid anything PRON, ACC.SG.N, INDEF
5 immundum unclean ADJ, ACC.SG.N
6 sive whether CONJ
7 quod what PRON, ACC.SG.N, REL
8 occisum killed PTCP, PERF.PASS.ACC.SG.N
9 a by PREP+ABL
10 bestia beast NOUN, ABL.SG.F
11 est is VERB, 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
12 aut or CONJ
13 per by PREP+ACC
14 se itself PRON, ACC.SG.N, REFL
15 mortuum dead PTCP, PERF.PASS.ACC.SG.N
16 aut or CONJ
17 quodlibet whatever PRON, ACC.SG.N, INDEF
18 aliud other ADJ, ACC.SG.N
19 reptile creeping thing NOUN, ACC.SG.N
20 et and CONJ
21 oblita having forgotten PTCP, PERF.PASS.NOM.SG.F
22 fuerit has been VERB, 3SG.FUTPERF.ACT.IND
23 immunditiæ of her uncleanness NOUN, GEN.SG.F
24 suæ her PRON, GEN.SG.F, POSS
25 rea guilty ADJ, NOM.SG.F
26 est is VERB, 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
27 et and CONJ
28 deliquit has sinned VERB, 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND

Syntax

Anima quæ tetigerit aliquid immundum — subject + relative clause + verb + object.
A series of sive… aut… aut… clauses specifies possible sources of ritual impurity.
et oblita fuerit immunditiæ suæ — second condition indicating failure to remember the impurity.
rea est — predicate expressing legal guilt.
et deliquit — final statement of transgression.

Morphology

  1. Anima — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: a soul; Notes: term for an individual person in legal context.
  2. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: refers back to anima.
  3. tetigerit — Lemma: tango; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of condition; Translation: has touched; Notes: expresses completed action relevant to legal impurity.
  4. aliquid — Lemma: aliquid; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of tetigerit; Translation: anything; Notes: introduces indefinite impurity source.
  5. immundum — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies aliquid; Translation: unclean; Notes: denotes ritual defilement.
  6. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces alternatives; Translation: whether; Notes: first of three alternatives.
  7. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of occisum est; Translation: what; Notes: refers to carcass.
  8. occisum — Lemma: occido; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive accusative singular neuter; Function: describes quod; Translation: killed; Notes: carcass killed by beast.
  9. a — Lemma: a/ab; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: agent; Translation: by; Notes: marks external killing force.
  10. bestia — Lemma: bestia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of a; Translation: beast; Notes: wild animal responsible for death.
  11. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: completes passive periphrasis; Translation: is; Notes: auxiliary in passive construction.
  12. aut — Lemma: aut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: second alternative; Translation: or; Notes: additional case of impurity.
  13. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: intensifies reflexive; Translation: by; Notes: formulaic use with se.
  14. se — Lemma: sui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: reflexive object; Translation: itself; Notes: death by natural causes.
  15. mortuum — Lemma: morior; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive accusative singular neuter; Function: describes se; Translation: dead; Notes: naturally dead carcass.
  16. aut — Lemma: aut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces third alternative; Translation: or; Notes: final impurity category.
  17. quodlibet — Lemma: quodlibet; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies aliud; Translation: whatever; Notes: stresses inclusiveness.
  18. aliud — Lemma: alius; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies reptile; Translation: other; Notes: broadens impurity scope.
  19. reptile — Lemma: reptile; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of touching; Translation: creeping thing; Notes: prohibited creature category.
  20. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces second condition; Translation: and; Notes: links impurity to forgetfulness.
  21. oblita — Lemma: obliviscor; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive (deponent sense) nominative singular feminine; Function: describes anima; Translation: having forgotten; Notes: deponent verb with passive form, active sense.
  22. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: has been; Notes: completes perfect periphrasis.
  23. immunditiæ — Lemma: immunditia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: object of oblita; Translation: of uncleanness; Notes: ritual impurity.
  24. suæ — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: possessive; Translation: her; Notes: refers to the same anima.
  25. rea — Lemma: reus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: guilty; Notes: legal verdict.
  26. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: states legal status.
  27. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces final clause; Translation: and; Notes: links judgment to transgression.
  28. deliquit — Lemma: delinquo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: has sinned; Notes: formal declaration of wrongdoing.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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