Leviticus 8:31

Posted on April 8, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 8:31 Cumque sanctificasset eos in vestitu suo, præcepit eis, dicens: Coquite carnes ante fores tabernaculi, et ibi comedite eas. panes quoque consecrationis edite, qui positi sunt in canistro, sicut præcepit mihi Dominus, dicens: Aaron et filii eius comedent eos:

And when he had sanctified them in their garments, he commanded them, saying: “Cook the flesh before the entrance of the tabernacle, and eat them there, and also eat the breads of consecration, which were placed in the basket, just as the LORD commanded me, saying: ‘Aaron and his sons shall eat them’;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ
2 sanctificasset had sanctified 3SG.PLUP.ACT.SUBJ
3 eos them ACC.PL.M
4 in in PREP+ABL
5 vestitu garment ABL.SG.M
6 suo their ABL.SG.M.POSS
7 præcepit commanded 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
8 eis to them DAT.PL.M
9 dicens saying PTCP.PRES.ACT.NOM.SG.M
10 Coquite cook 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
11 carnes flesh ACC.PL.F
12 ante before PREP+ACC
13 fores doors ACC.PL.F
14 tabernaculi of tabernacle GEN.SG.N
15 et and CONJ
16 ibi there ADV
17 comedite eat 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
18 eas them ACC.PL.F
19 panes breads ACC.PL.M
20 quoque also ADV
21 consecrationis of consecration GEN.SG.F
22 edite eat 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
23 qui which NOM.PL.M.REL
24 positi having been placed PTCP.PERF.PASS.NOM.PL.M
25 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
26 in in PREP+ABL
27 canistro basket ABL.SG.M
28 sicut just as CONJ
29 præcepit commanded 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
30 mihi to me DAT.SG.M
31 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
32 dicens saying PTCP.PRES.ACT.NOM.SG.M
33 Aaron Aaron NOM.SG.M
34 et and CONJ
35 filii sons NOM.PL.M
36 eius his GEN.SG.M.POSS
37 comedent shall eat 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
38 eos them ACC.PL.M

Syntax

Temporal Clause: Cumque sanctificasset eos in vestitu suo — background action preceding instruction
Main Verb: præcepit — authoritative command issued
Indirect Object: eis — recipients of the command
Speech Introduction: dicens — introduces direct instructions
Imperatives: Coquite and comedite and edite — required ritual actions
Locative Phrases: ante fores tabernaculi and ibi — place of cooking and eating
Relative Clause: qui positi sunt in canistro — specifies the consecration breads
Conformity Clause: sicut præcepit mihi Dominus — divine authorization
Final Declaration: Aaron et filii eius comedent eos — designated consumers

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction with enclitic; Form: invariable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: and when; Notes: Triggers subjunctive in the clause.
  2. sanctificasset — Lemma: sanctifico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular pluperfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: had sanctified; Notes: Consecratory action completed beforehand.
  3. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: direct object of sanctificasset; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to Aaron and his sons.
  4. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the ablative; Function: state or respect; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates condition.
  5. vestitu — Lemma: vestitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular fourth declension; Function: object of in; Translation: garment; Notes: Priestly vestment context.
  6. suo — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies vestitu; Translation: their; Notes: Collective reference.
  7. præcepit — Lemma: præcipio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: commanded; Notes: Moses transmitting divine instruction.
  8. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative masculine plural; Function: indirect object; Translation: to them; Notes: Recipients of the command.
  9. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb (participle); Form: present active participle nominative masculine singular; Function: introduces content of command; Translation: saying; Notes: Standard speech introducer.
  10. Coquite — Lemma: coquo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural present active imperative; Function: command; Translation: cook; Notes: Instruction for preparation.
  11. carnes — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine plural third declension; Function: object of Coquite; Translation: flesh; Notes: Sacrificial meat.
  12. ante — Lemma: ante; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the accusative; Function: location; Translation: before; Notes: Spatial reference.
  13. fores — Lemma: fores; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: object of ante; Translation: doors; Notes: Entrance area.
  14. tabernaculi — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive neuter singular second declension; Function: modifies fores; Translation: of the tabernacle; Notes: Sacred dwelling.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins commands.
  16. ibi — Lemma: ibi; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: locative modifier; Translation: there; Notes: Same location as cooking.
  17. comedite — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural present active imperative; Function: command; Translation: eat; Notes: Consuming the flesh.
  18. eas — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: object of comedite; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to the flesh.
  19. panes — Lemma: panis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine plural third declension; Function: object of edite; Translation: breads; Notes: Consecrated breads.
  20. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: additive; Translation: also; Notes: Adds further instruction.
  21. consecrationis — Lemma: consecratio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive feminine singular third declension; Function: modifies panes; Translation: of consecration; Notes: Ritual designation.
  22. edite — Lemma: edo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural present active imperative; Function: command; Translation: eat; Notes: Separate imperative for the breads.
  23. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine plural; Function: subject of positi sunt; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to the breads.
  24. positi — Lemma: pono; Part of Speech: verb (participle); Form: perfect passive participle nominative masculine plural; Function: with sunt forms perfect passive; Translation: having been placed; Notes: Placement completed.
  25. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: are; Notes: Completes passive construction.
  26. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: Spatial relation.
  27. canistro — Lemma: canistrum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular second declension; Function: object of in; Translation: basket; Notes: Container for the breads.
  28. sicut — Lemma: sicut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: conformity; Translation: just as; Notes: Aligns action with command.
  29. præcepit — Lemma: præcipio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: verb of conformity clause; Translation: commanded; Notes: Divine instruction.
  30. mihi — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: to me; Notes: Moses as recipient.
  31. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular second declension; Function: subject; Translation: the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  32. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb (participle); Form: present active participle nominative masculine singular; Function: introduces quoted instruction; Translation: saying; Notes: Leads into the declaration.
  33. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of comedent; Translation: Aaron; Notes: High priest.
  34. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins subjects.
  35. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine plural second declension; Function: subject with Aaron; Translation: sons; Notes: Aaron’s sons.
  36. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies filii; Translation: his; Notes: Refers to Aaron.
  37. comedent — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future active indicative; Function: declarative verb; Translation: shall eat; Notes: Authorized consumption.
  38. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to the consecration breads.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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