Leviticus 9:21

Posted on April 9, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 9:21 pectora eorum, et armos dextros separavit Aaron, elevans coram Domino, sicut præceperat Moyses.

their breasts and the right shoulders Aaron set apart, lifting them before the LORD, just as Moyses had commanded.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 pectora breasts ACC.PL.N
2 eorum their GEN.PL.M.POSS
3 et and CONJ
4 armos shoulders ACC.PL.M
5 dextros right ACC.PL.M
6 separavit he set apart 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
7 Aaron Aaron NOM.SG.M
8 elevans lifting PTCP.PRES.ACT.NOM.SG.M
9 coram before PREP+ABL
10 Domino the LORD ABL.SG.M
11 sicut just as ADV
12 præceperat had commanded 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND
13 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M

Syntax

Fronted Objects: pectora eorum et armos dextros — portions designated for separation
Main Verb: separavit — act of setting apart
Subject: Aaron — officiating priest
Attendant Circumstance: elevans coram Domino — ritual elevation before YHWH
Standard of Authority: sicut præceperat Moyses — conformity to Mosaic command

Morphology

  1. pectora — Lemma: pectus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter plural third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: breasts; Notes: Portions associated with the peace offering.
  2. eorum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive masculine plural; Function: modifies pectora; Translation: their; Notes: Refers to the people’s offerings.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins the paired portions.
  4. armos — Lemma: armus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine plural second declension; Function: direct object; Translation: shoulders; Notes: Portions designated for priestly use.
  5. dextros — Lemma: dexter; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: modifies armos; Translation: right; Notes: Specifies the prescribed side.
  6. separavit — Lemma: separo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he set apart; Notes: Ritual allocation distinct from altar burning.
  7. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: Aaron; Notes: High priest executing the rite.
  8. elevans — Lemma: elevo; Part of Speech: verb participle; Form: present active participle nominative masculine singular; Function: attendant circumstance; Translation: lifting; Notes: Indicates the wave or elevation offering.
  9. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the ablative; Function: presence; Translation: before; Notes: Marks presentation before YHWH.
  10. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular second declension; Function: object of coram; Translation: the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  11. sicut — Lemma: sicut; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: comparison; Translation: just as; Notes: Introduces conformity.
  12. præceperat — Lemma: præcipio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular pluperfect active indicative; Function: verb of comparison clause; Translation: had commanded; Notes: Prior authoritative instruction.
  13. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of præceperat; Translation: Moses; Notes: Mediator of the command.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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