Exodus 22:11

Posted on March 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

11 iusiurandum erit in medio, quod non extenderit manum ad rem proximi sui: suscipietque dominus iuramentum, et ille reddere non cogetur.

the oath shall be in the midst, that he has not stretched out his hand toward the property of his neighbor; and the master shall accept the oath, and he shall not be compelled to restore.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 iusiurandum oath NOUN.NOM.SG.N.2ND DECL
2 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
3 in in PREP+ABL
4 medio midst NOUN.ABL.SG.N.2ND DECL
5 quod that CONJ
6 non not ADV.INDECL
7 extenderit has stretched 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND.3RD CONJ
8 manum hand NOUN.ACC.SG.F.4TH DECL
9 ad toward PREP+ACC
10 rem property NOUN.ACC.SG.F.5TH DECL
11 proximi of the neighbor NOUN.GEN.SG.M.2ND DECL
12 sui his PRON.GEN.SG.M.REFL
13 suscipietque and shall accept 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND.3RD CONJ
14 dominus the master NOUN.NOM.SG.M.2ND DECL
15 iuramentum oath NOUN.ACC.SG.N.2ND DECL
16 et and CONJ
17 ille he PRON.NOM.SG.M.DEM
18 reddere to restore INF.PRES.ACT
19 non not ADV.INDECL
20 cogetur shall be compelled 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND.3RD CONJ

Syntax

Main Clause: iusiurandum erit in medio — subject iusiurandum, verb erit, prepositional phrase in medio indicating location of the legal oath.
Content Clause: quod non extenderit manum ad rem proximi sui — gives the sworn assertion; negative perfective action (non extenderit).
Judicial Acceptance: suscipietque dominus iuramentum — subject dominus, verb suscipiet, object iuramentum.
Legal Result: et ille reddere non cogetur — subject ille, passive verb cogetur, infinitive reddere as complement.

Morphology

  1. iusiurandum — Lemma: iusiurandum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter (2nd decl.); Function: subject; Translation: “oath”; Notes: a formal, legally binding oath.
  2. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: “shall be”; Notes: indicates future legal status.
  3. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: location; Translation: “in”; Notes: expresses position, not motion.
  4. medio — Lemma: medium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: “midst”; Notes: indicates central position in judgment hall.
  5. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces content clause; Translation: “that”; Notes: classical causal/relative-conjunction usage.
  6. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negation of verbal action; Translation: “not”; Notes: standard negator.
  7. extenderit — Lemma: extendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd singular future perfect active indicative; Function: verb of content clause; Translation: “has stretched / shall have stretched”; Notes: future perfect suits legal sworn testimony about past action.
  8. manum — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, 4th decl.; Function: object of extenderit; Translation: “hand”; Notes: idiom for wrongful taking or touching property.
  9. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses direction; Translation: “toward”; Notes: marks wrongful reach toward property.
  10. rem — Lemma: res; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, 5th decl.; Function: object of ad; Translation: “property”; Notes: denotes legal possessions.
  11. proximi — Lemma: proximus; Part of Speech: adjective/noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive modifier; Translation: “of the neighbor”; Notes: refers to legal disputant.
  12. sui — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies proximi; Translation: “his”; Notes: reflexive to subject of clause.
  13. suscipietque — Lemma: suscipio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd singular future active indicative + enclitic -que; Function: main verb of next clause; Translation: “and shall accept”; Notes: -que links to prior clause.
  14. dominus — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “the master”; Notes: the owner of entrusted property.
  15. iuramentum — Lemma: iuramentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of suscipiet; Translation: “oath”; Notes: acceptance finalizes legal decision.
  16. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links final clause; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple coordination.
  17. ille — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “he”; Notes: refers to entrusted guardian.
  18. reddere — Lemma: reddo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complement of passive verb; Translation: “to restore”; Notes: refers to repayment of goods.
  19. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negation; Translation: “not”; Notes: modifies passive necessity.
  20. cogetur — Lemma: cogo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd singular future passive indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: “he shall be compelled”; Notes: expresses legal exemption.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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