Exodus 34:32

Posted on March 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 34:32 venerunt ad eum etiam omnes filii Israel: quibus præcepit cuncta quæ audierat a Domino in monte Sinai.

all the sons of Israel also came to him, and he commanded to them all the things which he had heard from the LORD on mount Sinai.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 venerunt they came 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND 4TH CONJ
2 ad to PREP+ACC
3 eum him ACC.SG.M PERS.PRON
4 etiam also ADV
5 omnes all NOM.PL.M ADJ 3RD DECL
6 filii sons NOM.PL.M 2ND DECL
7 Israel Israel GEN.SG.INDECL
8 quibus to whom ABL.PL.M REL.PRON
9 præcepit he commanded 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
10 cuncta all things ACC.PL.N ADJ 1ST DECL
11 quæ which NOM.PL.N REL.PRON
12 audierat he had heard 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND 4TH CONJ
13 a from PREP+ABL
14 Domino the LORD ABL.SG.M 2ND DECL
15 in on PREP+ABL
16 monte mountain ABL.SG.M 3RD DECL
17 Sinai Sinai ABL.SG.INDECL

Syntax

Main Clause:
venerunt ad eum etiam omnes filii Israel
• Verb: venerunt (perfect, completed action).
• Subject: omnes filii Israel.
• Prepositional phrase: ad eum = destination toward Moses.

<b.Relative–Temporal Construction:
quibus præcepit cuncta quæ audierat a Domino
• quibus = dative/ablative of reference “to whom.”
• præcepit = main verb of clause.
• Object = cuncta.
• Relative clause: quæ audierat modifies cuncta.

in monte Sinai — where Moses heard the words.

Morphology

  1. venerunt — Lemma: veniō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person plural perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of the opening clause; Translation: they came; Notes: perfect shows completed arrival.
  2. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces goal of motion; Translation: to; Notes: directional.
  3. eum — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: him; Notes: refers to Moses.
  4. etiam — Lemma: etiam; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: intensifier; Translation: also; Notes: adds emphasis.
  5. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: modifies filii; Translation: all; Notes: denotes entire group.
  6. filii — Lemma: fīlius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: sons; Notes: standard biblical expression.
  7. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular indeclinable; Function: modifies filii; Translation: of Israel; Notes: indeclinable form.
  8. quibus — Lemma: quī, quae, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: refers to filii Israel; Translation: to whom; Notes: ablative of reference.
  9. præcepit — Lemma: praecipiō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of subordinate clause; Translation: he commanded; Notes: expresses completed instruction.
  10. cuncta — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object of præcepit; Translation: all things; Notes: collective sense.
  11. quæ — Lemma: quī, quae, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: introduces subordinate clause modifying cuncta; Translation: which; Notes: agrees with neuter plural.
  12. audierat — Lemma: audiō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular pluperfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: he had heard; Notes: prior completed action before commanding.
  13. a — Lemma: ab/a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces personal agent; Translation: from; Notes: variation according to phonetic environment.
  14. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative of agent; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH → translate as “LORD.”
  15. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative expression; Translation: on; Notes: indicates location.
  16. monte — Lemma: mōns; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: part of locative phrase; Translation: mountain; Notes: standard ablative of place.
  17. Sinai — Lemma: Sinai; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: ablative singular indeclinable; Function: specifies location; Translation: Sinai; Notes: indeclinable Hebrew place-name.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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