Leviticus 13:55

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:55 Et cum viderit faciem quidem pristinam non reversam, nec tamen crevisse lepram, immundum iudicabit, et igne comburet, eo quod infusa sit in superficie vestimenti vel per totum, lepra.

And when he has seen that the former appearance has not returned, and yet the leprosy has not grown, he shall judge it unclean, and he shall burn it with fire because the leprosy has spread on the surface of the garment or throughout it.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 cum when CONJ
3 viderit has seen 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
4 faciem appearance ACC.SG.F
5 quidem indeed ADV
6 pristinam former ACC.SG.F ADJ.POS
7 non not ADV
8 reversam returned ACC.SG.F PTCP.PERF.DEP
9 nec nor CONJ
10 tamen yet ADV
11 crevisse to have grown PERF.ACT.INF
12 lepram leprosy ACC.SG.F
13 immundum unclean ACC.SG.N ADJ.POS
14 iudicabit he shall judge 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
15 et and CONJ
16 igne with fire ABL.SG.M
17 comburet he shall burn 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
18 eo because ABL.SG.N DEM.PRON
19 quod that CONJ
20 infusa spread NOM.SG.F PTCP.PERF.PASS
21 sit has been 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.ACT
22 in on PREP+ABL
23 superficie surface ABL.SG.F
24 vestimenti garment GEN.SG.N
25 vel or CONJ
26 per through PREP+ACC
27 totum the whole ACC.SG.N ADJ.POS
28 lepram leprosy ACC.SG.F

Syntax

Temporal Condition: Et cum viderit introduces the inspection scenario.
Negative Findings: faciem quidem pristinam non reversam states the absence of restoration.
Concessive Balance: nec tamen crevisse lepram notes lack of growth despite no restoration.
Judicial Outcome: immundum iudicabit delivers the verdict.
Sanction: igne comburet prescribes destruction.
Causal Ground: eo quod infusa sit explains the reason.
Extent: in superficie vestimenti vel per totum defines spread across the garment.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links procedure; Translation: and; Notes: Continues legal instruction.
  2. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: temporal; Function: introduces time clause; Translation: when; Notes: Frames inspection.
  3. viderit — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of observation; Translation: has seen; Notes: Subjunctive suits procedural condition.
  4. faciem — Lemma: facies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of perception; Translation: appearance; Notes: Visible state of the garment.
  5. quidem — Lemma: quidem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: concessive emphasis; Translation: indeed; Notes: Marks partial concession.
  6. pristinam — Lemma: pristinus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine positive; Function: modifies faciem; Translation: former; Notes: Original condition.
  7. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Denies restoration.
  8. reversam — Lemma: revertor; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative singular feminine perfect deponent; Function: modifies faciem; Translation: returned; Notes: Indicates restoration.
  9. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates negatives; Translation: nor; Notes: Adds second negation.
  10. tamen — Lemma: tamen; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: concessive; Translation: yet; Notes: Balances the clause.
  11. crevisse — Lemma: cresco; Part of Speech: infinitive; Form: perfect active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: to have grown; Notes: Diagnostic criterion.
  12. lepram — Lemma: lepra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of infinitive; Translation: leprosy; Notes: Condition assessed.
  13. immundum — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter positive; Function: predicate complement; Translation: unclean; Notes: Legal status.
  14. iudicabit — Lemma: iudico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: judicial declaration; Translation: he shall judge; Notes: Priest’s ruling.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: adds consequence; Translation: and; Notes: Links sanction.
  16. igne — Lemma: ignis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with fire; Notes: Means of destruction.
  17. comburet — Lemma: comburo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: prescribed action; Translation: he shall burn; Notes: Enforces impurity removal.
  18. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: causal reference; Translation: because; Notes: Introduces reason.
  19. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: causal; Function: explains cause; Translation: that; Notes: Grounds the ruling.
  20. infusa — Lemma: infundo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular feminine perfect passive; Function: predicate participle; Translation: spread; Notes: Indicates diffusion.
  21. sit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present subjunctive active; Function: auxiliary in causal clause; Translation: has been; Notes: Subjunctive after causal connector.
  22. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: marks location; Translation: on; Notes: Locative sense.
  23. superficie — Lemma: superficies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: surface; Notes: Outer area.
  24. vestimenti — Lemma: vestimentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies superficie; Translation: of the garment; Notes: Item affected.
  25. vel — Lemma: vel; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: presents alternative; Translation: or; Notes: Expands scope.
  26. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: indicates extent; Translation: through; Notes: Complete penetration.
  27. totum — Lemma: totus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter positive; Function: modifies implied object; Translation: the whole; Notes: Entire garment.
  28. lepram — Lemma: lepra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: appositional object; Translation: leprosy; Notes: Restates the condition.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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