Exodus 10:10

Posted on March 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 10:10 Et respondit Pharao: Sic Dominus sit vobiscum, quo modo ego dimittam vos, et parvulos vestros, cui dubium est quod pessime cogitetis?

And Pharao answered: “Thus may the LORD be with you, in what manner I would let you go, and your little ones, for who doubts that you are planning wickedly?

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 respondit answered 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
3 Pharao Pharaoh NOM.SG.M
4 Sic thus ADV
5 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
6 sit may be 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
7 vobiscum with you PREP+ABL.PL
8 quo in what ADV/REL
9 modo manner ABL.SG.M
10 ego I NOM.SG
11 dimittam may let go 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND
12 vos you ACC.PL
13 et and CONJ
14 parvulos little ones ACC.PL.M
15 vestros your ACC.PL.M
16 cui to whom DAT.SG
17 dubium doubt NOM.SG.N
18 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
19 quod that CONJ
20 pessime wickedly ADV
21 cogitetis you are thinking 2PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ

Syntax

Main Clause:
Subject: Pharao — performs the action
Verb: respondit — main finite verb
Object: none (quoted clause follows)

Subjunctive Wish Clause:
Sic Dominus sit vobiscum — optative/jussive expression; Dominus is subject, sit verb, vobiscum prepositional phrase modifying the verb.

Interrogative Clause:
quo modo ego dimittam vos et parvulos vestros — direct question; ego subject, dimittam verb, vos and parvulos vestros as coordinated objects.

Relative Clause:
cui dubium est quod pessime cogitetis — cui dative of reference; dubium est predicate; subordinate clause quod pessime cogitetis gives the content of the doubt.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: standard narrative connective.
  2. respondit — Lemma: respondeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “answered”; Notes: perfect denotes completed action.
  3. Pharao — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “Pharaoh”; Notes: proper noun, Egyptian ruler.
  4. Sic — Lemma: sic; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverb; Function: modifies verb phrase; Translation: “thus”; Notes: expresses manner.
  5. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of sit; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  6. sit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive third singular; Function: verb of optative clause; Translation: “may be”; Notes: subjunctive expresses a wish.
  7. vobiscum — Lemma: cum + vos; Part of Speech: prepositional pronoun; Form: ablative plural; Function: prepositional complement; Translation: “with you”; Notes: enclitic form cum + pronoun.
  8. quo — Lemma: quo; Part of Speech: adverb/pronoun; Form: ablative; Function: interrogative marker; Translation: “in what”; Notes: pairs with modo.
  9. modo — Lemma: modus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative of manner; Translation: “manner”; Notes: forms idiom “quo modo”.
  10. ego — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: subject; Translation: “I”; Notes: emphatic form.
  11. dimittam — Lemma: dimitto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative first singular; Function: main verb of question; Translation: “I will let go”; Notes: future temporally anchors interrogative clause.
  12. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “you”; Notes: refers to Israelites.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links objects; Translation: “and”; Notes: connects “vos” with “parvulos vestros”.
  14. parvulos — Lemma: parvulus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “little ones”; Notes: refers to children.
  15. vestros — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: pronoun/adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies parvulos; Translation: “your”; Notes: agrees in case/number/gender.
  16. cui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: dative of reference; Translation: “to whom”; Notes: introduces relative clause.
  17. dubium — Lemma: dubium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: “doubt”; Notes: forms idiom “cui dubium est”.
  18. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third singular; Function: copula; Translation: “is”; Notes: links predicate to subject.
  19. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating conjunction; Function: introduces content clause; Translation: “that”; Notes: not a relative pronoun here.
  20. pessime — Lemma: pessime; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverb (superlative); Function: modifies verb; Translation: “wickedly”; Notes: emphasizes intent.
  21. cogitetis — Lemma: cogito; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive second plural; Function: verb of subordinate clause; Translation: “you think”; Notes: subjunctive used in indirect discourse.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Exodus. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.