Exodus 10:9

Posted on March 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 10:9 Ait Moyses: Cum parvulis nostris, et senioribus pergemus, cum filiis et filiabus, cum ovibus et armentis: est enim sollemnitas Domini Dei nostri.

And Moyses said: “With our little ones and our elders we will go, with our sons and daughters, with our sheep and with our herds, for the feast of the LORD our God belongs to us.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Ait said V.IND.PERF.ACT.3SG
2 Moyses Moses N.PROP.MASC.SG.NOM
3 Cum with PREP+ABL
4 parvulis little ones N.MASC.PL.ABL
5 nostris our ADJ.POSS.MASC.PL.ABL
6 et and CONJ.COORD
7 senioribus elders N.MASC.PL.ABL
8 pergemus we will go V.IND.FUT.ACT.1PL
9 cum with PREP+ABL
10 filiis sons N.MASC.PL.ABL
11 et and CONJ.COORD
12 filiabus daughters N.FEM.PL.ABL
13 cum with PREP+ABL
14 ovibus sheep N.FEM.PL.ABL
15 et and CONJ.COORD
16 armentis herds N.NEUT.PL.ABL
17 est is V.IND.PRES.ACT.3SG
18 enim for CONJ.EXPLANATORY
19 sollemnitas feast N.FEM.SG.NOM
20 Domini of the LORD N.MASC.SG.GEN
21 Dei of God N.MASC.SG.GEN
22 nostri our ADJ.POSS.MASC.SG.GEN

Syntax

Main Clause: Ait Moyses — Moses introduces the declaration.
Accompaniment Phrase 1: Cum parvulis nostris et senioribus — ablative of accompaniment describing generational completeness.
Main Verb: pergemus — future indicative expressing firm intention.
Accompaniment Phrase 2: cum filiis et filiabus — includes all family descendants.
Accompaniment Phrase 3: cum ovibus et armentis — includes sacrificial and herd animals.
Reason Clause: est enim sollemnitas Domini Dei nostri — theological justification.

Morphology

  1. Ait — Lemma: aio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: introduces speech; Translation: “said”; Notes: standard Vulgate verb marking narrative dialogue transition.
  2. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of Ait; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: the leader and speaker addressing Pharaoh.
  3. Cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces first accompaniment group; Translation: “with”; Notes: emphasizes inclusivity of the youngest Israelites.
  4. parvulis — Lemma: parvulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of cum; Translation: “little ones”; Notes: denotes the smallest children included in the departure.
  5. nostris — Lemma: noster; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: modifies parvulis; Translation: “our”; Notes: stresses communal identity.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links parvulis with senioribus; Translation: “and”; Notes: balances generational extremes in the grouping.
  7. senioribus — Lemma: senior; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: second accompaniment element; Translation: “elders”; Notes: indicates the aged members of Israel.
  8. pergemus — Lemma: pergo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative first plural; Function: expresses collective intent; Translation: “we will go”; Notes: marks a firm decision about departure.
  9. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: begins second accompaniment group; Translation: “with”; Notes: highlights all descendants as participants.
  10. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of cum; Translation: “sons”; Notes: denotes male offspring.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links filiis and filiabus; Translation: “and”; Notes: groups sons and daughters together as a family unit.
  12. filiabus — Lemma: filia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of cum; Translation: “daughters”; Notes: irregular -abus ending used for clarity.
  13. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: begins third accompaniment group; Translation: “with”; Notes: introduces the inclusion of animal holdings.
  14. ovibus — Lemma: ovis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of cum; Translation: “sheep”; Notes: essential for sacrificial requirements.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links ovibus and armentis; Translation: “and”; Notes: keeps livestock list complete.
  16. armentis — Lemma: armentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of cum; Translation: “herds”; Notes: refers to cattle and larger draft animals.
  17. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third singular; Function: copula; Translation: “is”; Notes: introduces reason for the insistence.
  18. enim — Lemma: enim; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: postpositive explanatory; Function: explains rationale; Translation: “for”; Notes: cannot initiate the clause.
  19. sollemnitas — Lemma: sollemnitas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of est; Translation: “feast”; Notes: denotes formal sacred celebration.
  20. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  21. Dei — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: apposition clarifying Domini; Translation: “of God”; Notes: links LORD with divine title.
  22. nostri — Lemma: noster; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies Dei; Translation: “our”; Notes: establishes covenantal belonging.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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