Exodus 14:4

Posted on March 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 14:4 Et indurabo cor eius, ac persequetur vos: et glorificabor in Pharaone, et in omni exercitu eius. scientque Ægyptii quia ego sum Dominus. Feceruntque ita.

And I will harden his heart, and he will pursue you; and I will be glorified in Pharao and in all his army. And the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD.” And they did so.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 indurabo I will harden 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND
3 cor heart NOUN.ACC.SG.N
4 eius his PRON.GEN.SG.M/N
5 ac and CONJ
6 persequetur he will pursue 3SG.FUT.DEP.IND
7 vos you PRON.ACC.PL
8 et and CONJ
9 glorificabor I will be glorified 1SG.FUT.PASS.IND
10 in in PREP+ABL
11 Pharaone Pharaoh NOUN.ABL.SG.M
12 et and CONJ
13 in in PREP+ABL
14 omni all ADJ.ABL.SG.M/N
15 exercitu army NOUN.ABL.SG.M
16 eius his PRON.GEN.SG.M/N
17 scientque and they shall know 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND + ENCLITIC -QUE
18 Ægyptii Egyptians NOUN.NOM.PL.M
19 quia that CONJ
20 ego I PRON.NOM.SG
21 sum am 1SG.PRES.ACT.IND
22 Dominus the LORD NOUN.NOM.SG.M
23 Feceruntque and they did 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND + ENCLITIC -QUE
24 ita so ADV

Syntax

First clause: Et indurabo cor eius — divine future action; cor is object; eius a possessive.
Result clause: ac persequetur vos — deponent future “he will pursue you.”
Second major clause: et glorificabor in Pharaone et in omni exercitu eius — passive future “I will be glorified.”
Knowledge clause: scientque Ægyptii quia ego sum Dominus — future knowledge + subordinate clause.
Closing clause: Feceruntque ita — summarizing obedience.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: narrative linkage.
  2. indurabo — Lemma: induro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative first singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “I will harden”; Notes: divine causal statement.
  3. cor — Lemma: cor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: “heart”; Notes: idiom for will or resolve.
  4. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular masc/neut; Function: possessive; Translation: “his”; Notes: refers to Pharaoh.
  5. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: strong connective; Translation: “and”; Notes: often intensifies link.
  6. persequetur — Lemma: persequor; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: future indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “he will pursue”; Notes: deponent form with active meaning.
  7. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “you”; Notes: Israel addressed collectively.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: sequential action.
  9. glorificabor — Lemma: glorifico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future passive indicative first singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “I will be glorified”; Notes: divine self-vindication.
  10. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses sphere; Translation: “in”; Notes: introduces places of vindication.
  11. Pharaone — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: “Pharaoh”; Notes: ruler of Egypt.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: joins parallel phrase.
  13. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: sphere; Translation: “in”; Notes: repeated for emphasis.
  14. omni — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine/neuter; Function: modifies exercitu; Translation: “all”; Notes: totality of military force.
  15. exercitu — Lemma: exercitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: “army”; Notes: Egyptian military host.
  16. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular masc/neut; Function: possessive; Translation: “his”; Notes: refers to Pharaoh’s forces.
  17. scientque — Lemma: scio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative third plural + enclitic -que; Function: main verb; Translation: “and they shall know”; Notes: enclitic links it to prior clause.
  18. Ægyptii — Lemma: Ægyptius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “Egyptians”; Notes: national designation.
  19. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces content clause; Translation: “that”; Notes: explanatory.
  20. ego — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: subject; Translation: “I”; Notes: emphatic divine self-declaration.
  21. sum — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative first singular; Function: copula; Translation: “am”; Notes: divine affirmation.
  22. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  23. Feceruntque — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third plural + enclitic -que; Function: main verb; Translation: “and they did”; Notes: summarizes obedience.
  24. ita — Lemma: ita; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies fecerunt; Translation: “so”; Notes: indicates compliance.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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