Exodus 16:23

Posted on March 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 16:23 Qui ait eis: Hoc est quod locutus est Dominus: Requies sabbati sanctificata est Domino cras. quodcumque operandum est, facite: et quæ coquenda sunt coquite: quidquid autem reliquum fuerit, reponite usque in mane.

He said to them: “This is what the LORD has spoken: ‘The rest of the sabbath is sanctified to the LORD tomorrow. Whatever is to be worked, do; and whatever is to be cooked, cook; but whatever will be left, store it until the morning.’”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Qui who NOM.SG.M (REL)
2 ait said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
3 eis to them DAT.PL.M (PERS)
4 Hoc this NOM.SG.N (DEM)
5 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
6 quod that which NOM.SG.N (REL)
7 locutus spoken NOM.SG.M (PTCP.PERF.DEP)
8 est has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
9 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
10 Requies rest NOM.SG.F
11 sabbati of the sabbath GEN.SG.N
12 sanctificata sanctified NOM.SG.F (PTCP.PERF.PASS)
13 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
14 Domino to the LORD DAT.SG.M
15 cras tomorrow ADV
16 quodcumque whatever ACC.SG.N (INDEF)
17 operandum to be worked GERUNDV.ACC
18 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
19 facite do 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
20 et and CONJ
21 quae whatever things NOM.PL.F (REL)
22 coquenda to be cooked NOM.PL.F (GERUNDV)
23 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
24 coquite cook 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
25 quidquid whatever NOM.SG.N (INDEF)
26 autem however CONJ
27 reliquum remaining NOM.SG.N (ADJ)
28 fuerit will be 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
29 reponite store 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
30 usque until PREP+ACC
31 in in PREP+ACC
32 mane morning ACC.SG.N (INDECL)

Syntax

Relative Clause: Qui ait eis — subject Qui, verb ait, indirect object eis.
Declarative Clause: Hoc est quod locutus est Dominus — defines the command.
Main Declarative: Requies sabbati sanctificata est Domino cras — sabbath rest declared holy for the next day.
Imperative Clauses:
• quodcumque operandum est, facite — perform any necessary work
• quae coquenda sunt, coquite — cook what must be cooked
Final Instruction: quidquid autem reliquum fuerit, reponite usque in mane — store leftovers until morning.

Morphology

  1. Qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun (relative); Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “who”; Notes: refers to Moses.
  2. ait — Lemma: aio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “said”; Notes: introduces speech.
  3. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative plural masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to them”; Notes: refers to Israelites.
  4. Hoc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: pronoun (demonstrative); Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of est; Translation: “this”; Notes: anticipates clause.
  5. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: copula; Translation: “is”; Notes: equative.
  6. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun (relative); Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of locutus est; Translation: “that which”; Notes: introduces explanation.
  7. locutus — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: participle (deponent); Form: perfect participle, nominative singular masculine; Function: with est forms perfect; Translation: “spoken”; Notes: deponent verb.
  8. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: auxiliary; Translation: “has”; Notes: completes periphrastic perfect.
  9. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: refers to God.
  10. Requies — Lemma: requies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: “rest”; Notes: sabbath rest.
  11. sabbati — Lemma: sabbatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: “of the sabbath”; Notes: Hebrew loanword.
  12. sanctificata — Lemma: sanctifico; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive, nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: “sanctified”; Notes: describes consecrated day.
  13. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: copula; Translation: “is”; Notes: links predicate.
  14. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to the LORD”; Notes: indicates dedication.
  15. cras — Lemma: cras; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: time marker; Translation: “tomorrow”; Notes: indicates when sabbath applies.
  16. quodcumque — Lemma: quicumque; Part of Speech: pronoun (indefinite); Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of facite; Translation: “whatever”; Notes: broad reference.
  17. operandum — Lemma: operor; Part of Speech: gerundive; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: expresses necessity; Translation: “to be worked”; Notes: conveys obligation.
  18. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: forms passive periphrastic; Translation: “is”; Notes: necessity structure.
  19. facite — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperative, present active, 2nd plural; Function: command; Translation: “do”; Notes: direct instruction.
  20. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: connects command.
  21. quae — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun (relative); Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject; Translation: “whatever things”; Notes: refers to foods requiring cooking.
  22. coquenda — Lemma: coquo; Part of Speech: gerundive; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: predicate; Translation: “to be cooked”; Notes: necessity construction.
  23. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, 3rd plural; Function: verb of gerundive clause; Translation: “are”; Notes: expresses necessity.
  24. coquite — Lemma: coquo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperative, present active, 2nd plural; Function: command; Translation: “cook”; Notes: instruction.
  25. quidquid — Lemma: quisquis; Part of Speech: pronoun (indefinite); Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject; Translation: “whatever”; Notes: unspecified remainder.
  26. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: postpositive; Function: contrast; Translation: “however”; Notes: contrast with cooking commands.
  27. reliquum — Lemma: reliquus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject; Translation: “remaining”; Notes: refers to leftover manna.
  28. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future perfect active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: future condition; Translation: “will be”; Notes: anticipatory condition.
  29. reponite — Lemma: repono; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperative, present active, 2nd plural; Function: command; Translation: “store”; Notes: preservation instruction.
  30. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses limit; Translation: “until”; Notes: temporal limit.
  31. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: part of time expression; Translation: “in/into”; Notes: used with mane as idiom.
  32. mane — Lemma: mane; Part of Speech: noun/adverb; Form: accusative singular neuter (INDECL); Function: time word; Translation: “morning”; Notes: indeclinable.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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