Exodus 16:7

Posted on March 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 16:7 et mane videbitis gloriam Domini: audivit enim murmur vestrum contra Dominum: nos vero quid sumus, quia mussitastis contra nos?

and in the morning you will see the glory of the LORD, for he has heard your murmuring against the LORD; but we, what are we, because you murmured against us?”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 mane in the morning ABL.SG.N
3 videbitis you will see 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
4 gloriam glory ACC.SG.F
5 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
6 audivit he has heard 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
7 enim for CONJ
8 murmur murmuring ACC.SG.N
9 vestrum your ACC.SG.N
10 contra against PREP+ACC
11 Dominum the LORD ACC.SG.M
12 nos us NOM.PL / ACC.PL
13 vero but ADV
14 quid what NOM/ACC.SG.N (INDECL)
15 sumus we are 1PL.PRES.ACT.IND
16 quia because CONJ
17 mussitastis you murmured 2PL.PERF.ACT.IND
18 contra against PREP+ACC
19 nos us ACC.PL

Syntax

First Clause: videbitis is the Main Verb; mane is ablative of time when; gloriam Domini is the Object phrase.
Second Clause: audivit — Main Verb; murmur vestrum — Object; contra Dominum — prepositional phrase expressing opposition.
Third Clause: nos vero introduces contrast; quid functions as interrogative predicate; sumus — Verb.
Fourth Clause: quia mussitastis contra nos — causal clause; mussitastis — Verb; nos — Object.

Morphology

    1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: very frequent connective.
    2. mane — Lemma: mane; Part of Speech: noun (indeclinable neuter); Form: ablative singular; Function: ablative of time; Translation: “in the morning”; Notes: temporal setting.
    3. videbitis — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, 2nd person plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “you will see”; Notes: promise of revelation.
    4. gloriam — Lemma: gloria; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: “glory”; Notes: divine manifestation.
    5. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
    6. audivit — Lemma: audio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, 3rd person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “he has heard”; Notes: expresses completed action.
  1. enim — Lemma: enim; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: postpositive; Function: gives explanation; Translation: “for”; Notes: never stands first in its clause in classical usage.
  2. murmur — Lemma: murmur; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: “murmuring”; Notes: complaint against divine authority.
  3. vestrum — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: pronoun (possessive); Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies murmur; Translation: “your”; Notes: agrees in gender/number with murmur.
  4. contra — Lemma: contra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses opposition; Translation: “against”; Notes: common in adversarial clauses.
  5. Dominum — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of contra; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  6. nos — Lemma: nos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative plural; Function: subject; Translation: “we”; Notes: here nominative with sumus.
  7. vero — Lemma: vero; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces contrast; Translation: “but”; Notes: soft adversative.
  8. quid — Lemma: quid; Part of Speech: interrogative pronoun; Form: nominative/accusative singular neuter; Function: predicate/interrogative; Translation: “what”; Notes: expresses rhetorical humility.
  9. sumus — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, 1st person plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “we are”; Notes: existential question.
  10. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating; Function: introduces causal clause; Translation: “because”; Notes: explains reason for murmuring.
  11. mussitastis — Lemma: mussito; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, 2nd person plural; Function: main verb of causal clause; Translation: “you murmured”; Notes: expresses subdued complaining.
  12. contra — Lemma: contra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses opposition; Translation: “against”; Notes: repeated for emphasis.
  13. nos — Lemma: nos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: object of contra; Translation: “us”; Notes: contrasts with murmuring against the LORD.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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