Exodus 25:33

Posted on March 16, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 25:33 Tres scyphi quasi in nucis modum per calamos singulos, sphærulaque simul, et lilium: et tres similiter scyphi instar nucis in calamo altero, sphærulaque simul et lilium. hoc erit opus sex calamorum, qui producendi sunt de hastili:

Three cups in the form of a nut on each branch, and a knob together with a lily; and three cups likewise in the likeness of a nut on the other branch, and a knob together with a lily; this shall be the work of the six branches which are to come forth from the shaft;

 

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Tres three INVAR.NUM
2 scyphi cups NOM.PL.M.2ND DECL
3 quasi as if ADV
4 in in PREP+ABL
5 nucis of a nut GEN.SG.F.3RD DECL
6 modum form ACC.SG.M.4TH DECL
7 per through PREP+ACC
8 calamos branches ACC.PL.M.2ND DECL
9 singulos each ACC.PL.M.ADJ
10 sphærulaque and a knob NOM.SG.F.1ST DECL
11 simul together ADV
12 et and CONJ
13 lilium lily ACC.SG.N.2ND DECL
14 et and CONJ
15 tres three INVAR.NUM
16 similiter likewise ADV
17 scyphi cups NOM.PL.M.2ND DECL
18 instar in the likeness of PREP+GEN
19 nucis of a nut GEN.SG.F.3RD DECL
20 in on PREP+ABL
21 calamo branch ABL.SG.M.2ND DECL
22 altero the other ABL.SG.M.ADJ
23 sphærulaque and a knob NOM.SG.F.1ST DECL
24 simul together ADV
25 et and CONJ
26 lilium lily ACC.SG.N.2ND DECL
27 hoc this NOM.SG.N.PRON.DEM
28 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
29 opus work NOM.SG.N.3RD DECL
30 sex six INVAR.NUM
31 calamorum of the branches GEN.PL.M.2ND DECL
32 qui which NOM.PL.M.PRON.REL
33 producendi to be produced NOM.PL.M.GERUNDV
34 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
35 de from PREP+ABL
36 hastili shaft ABL.SG.N.3RD DECL

Syntax

Descriptive series: Tres scyphi quasi in nucis modum per calamos singulos — describes almond-shaped cups on every branch.
Accompanying elements: sphærulaque simul et lilium — each branch has a knob and a lily design.
Parallel series: et tres similiter scyphi … in calamo altero — repetition indicating symmetry on the opposite branch.
Demonstrative clause: hoc erit opus sex calamorum — identifies the combined ornamentation as the required workmanship.
Relative clause of purpose: qui producendi sunt de hastili — the six branches must emerge from the lampstand’s shaft.

Morphology

  1. Tres — Lemma: tres; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: invariable; Function: quantifier of scyphi; Translation: three; Notes: cardinal number.
  2. scyphi — Lemma: scyphus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: cups; Notes: refers to almond-shaped lamp cups.
  3. quasi — Lemma: quasi; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: comparative modifier; Translation: as if; Notes: introduces comparison.
  4. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: +ablative; Function: introduces comparison phrase; Translation: in; Notes: classical locative use.
  5. nucis — Lemma: nux; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: of a nut; Notes: indicates almond-like shape.
  6. modum — Lemma: modus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: form; Notes: refers to shape.
  7. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: +accusative; Function: distributive; Translation: through; Notes: indicates each branch.
  8. calamos — Lemma: calamus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of per; Translation: branches; Notes: menorah arms.
  9. singulos — Lemma: singuli; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies calamos; Translation: each; Notes: distributive numeral adjective.
  10. sphærulaque — Lemma: sphærula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject (with lilium); Translation: and a knob; Notes: enclitic -que.
  11. simul — Lemma: simul; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies sphærula; Translation: together; Notes: indicates pairing.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates lilium; Translation: and; Notes: simple connector.
  13. lilium — Lemma: lilium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: coordinated object; Translation: lily; Notes: floral ornament.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: begins parallel description; Translation: and; Notes: narrative continuation.
  15. tres — Lemma: tres; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: invariable; Function: quantifies scyphi; Translation: three; Notes: symmetry.
  16. similiter — Lemma: similiter; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: expresses likeness; Translation: likewise; Notes: parallel structure.
  17. scyphi — Lemma: scyphus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: cups; Notes: repetition for symmetry.
  18. instar — Lemma: instar; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs genitive; Function: introduces comparison; Translation: in the likeness of; Notes: classical usage.
  19. nucis — Lemma: nux; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: complement of instar; Translation: of a nut; Notes: repetition for symmetry.
  20. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: +ablative; Function: locative; Translation: in/on; Notes: spatial relation.
  21. calamo — Lemma: calamus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: branch; Notes: menorah element.
  22. altero — Lemma: alter; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies calamo; Translation: the other; Notes: contrasts with earlier branch.
  23. sphærulaque — Lemma: sphærula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: and a knob; Notes: enclitic -que linking.
  24. simul — Lemma: simul; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies sphærula; Translation: together; Notes: as before.
  25. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links lilium; Translation: and; Notes: coordination.
  26. lilium — Lemma: lilium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object; Translation: lily; Notes: ornamental motif.
  27. hoc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of erit; Translation: this; Notes: refers to whole description.
  28. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: shall be; Notes: expresses requirement.
  29. opus — Lemma: opus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: work; Notes: craftsmanship.
  30. sex — Lemma: sex; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: invariable; Function: quantifies calamorum; Translation: six; Notes: cardinal.
  31. calamorum — Lemma: calamus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: genitive of origin; Translation: of the branches; Notes: indicates whose work it is.
  32. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of producendi sunt; Translation: which; Notes: refers to branches.
  33. producendi — Lemma: produco; Part of Speech: gerundive; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: passive periphrastic; Translation: to be produced; Notes: expresses necessity.
  34. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third plural; Function: auxiliary; Translation: are; Notes: completes passive periphrastic.
  35. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: +ablative; Function: origin; Translation: from; Notes: expresses emergence.
  36. hastili — Lemma: hastile; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of de; Translation: shaft; Notes: center stem of menorah.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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