Exodus 25:35

Posted on March 16, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 25:35 Sphærulæ sub duobus calamis per tria loca, qui simul sex fiunt procedentes de hastili uno.

Knobs under two branches in three places, which together make six, coming forth from one shaft.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sphærulæ knobs NOM.PL.F.1ST DECL
2 sub under PREP+ABL
3 duobus two ABL.PL.M.NUM
4 calamis branches ABL.PL.M.2ND DECL
5 per through PREP+ACC
6 tria three ACC.PL.N.NUM
7 loca places ACC.PL.N.2ND DECL
8 qui which NOM.PL.M.PRON.REL
9 simul together ADV
10 sex six INVAR.NUM
11 fiunt are made 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
12 procedentes coming forth NOM.PL.M.PTCP.PRES.ACT
13 de from PREP+ABL
14 hastili shaft ABL.SG.N.3RD DECL
15 uno one ABL.SG.M.NUM

Syntax

Subject phrase: Sphærulæ — the ornamental knobs described.
Locative construction: sub duobus calamis — indicates their position beneath two branches.
Distributive description: per tria loca — three placements for each pair.
Relative clause: qui simul sex fiunt — all together these total six.
Participial clause of origin: procedentes de hastili uno — the branches (and associated knobs) come forth from a single shaft.

Morphology

  1. Sphærulæ — Lemma: sphærula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject; Translation: knobs; Notes: decorative features of the lampstand.
  2. sub — Lemma: sub; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses location; Translation: under; Notes: standard spatial relation.
  3. duobus — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: quantifies calamis; Translation: two; Notes: invariable stem with case endings.
  4. calamis — Lemma: calamus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: complement of sub; Translation: branches; Notes: menorah arms.
  5. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: +accusative; Function: distributive marker; Translation: through; Notes: marks multiple locations.
  6. tria — Lemma: tres; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: quantifier modifying loca; Translation: three; Notes: cardinal number.
  7. loca — Lemma: locus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of per; Translation: places; Notes: distributive placement of the knobs.
  8. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of fiunt; Translation: which; Notes: refers to the three sets.
  9. simul — Lemma: simul; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies fiunt; Translation: together; Notes: collective total.
  10. sex — Lemma: sex; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: invariable; Function: numerical complement of fiunt; Translation: six; Notes: total number produced.
  11. fiunt — Lemma: fio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third plural; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: are made; Notes: expresses resulting total.
  12. procedentes — Lemma: procedo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative plural masculine present active; Function: describes branches originating from shaft; Translation: coming forth; Notes: agrees with implied calami.
  13. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates source; Translation: from; Notes: origin marker.
  14. hastili — Lemma: hastile; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: complement of de; Translation: shaft; Notes: central menorah stem.
  15. uno — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies hastili; Translation: one; Notes: emphasizes singular origin.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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