Exodus 27:13

Posted on March 18, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

13 In ea quoque atrii latitudine, quæ respicit ad orientem, quinquaginta cubiti erunt.

In that width of the court also, which faces toward the east, there shall be fifty cubits.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 In in PREP+ABL
2 ea that ABL.SG.F PRON.DEM
3 quoque also ADV
4 atrii of the court GEN.SG.N 2ND DECL
5 latitudine width ABL.SG.F 3RD DECL
6 quæ which NOM.SG.F PRON.REL
7 respicit faces 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
8 ad toward PREP+ACC
9 orientem the east ACC.SG.M 3RD DECL
10 quinquaginta fifty INVAR.NUM
11 cubiti cubits NOM.PL.M 4TH DECL
12 erunt shall be 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND

Syntax

Locative phrase: In ea quoque atrii latitudine specifies a second width of the court, parallel to the western width described earlier.
The relative clause quæ respicit ad orientem clarifies orientation toward the east.

Main clause: quinquaginta cubiti erunt states the measurement explicitly: the width measures fifty cubits.
The subject is cubiti with erunt as the future verb.

Morphology

  1. In — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces locative phrase; Translation: “in”; Notes: spatial marker.
  2. ea — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies latitudine; Translation: “that”; Notes: refers to a specific width.
  3. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: adds inclusion; Translation: “also”; Notes: parallels previous description.
  4. atrii — Lemma: atrium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter, 2nd declension; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of the court”; Notes: identifies structure.
  5. latitudine — Lemma: latitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine, 3rd declension; Function: object of in; Translation: “width”; Notes: dimension reference.
  6. quæ — Lemma: qui, quae, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: “which”; Notes: refers to latitudine.
  7. respicit — Lemma: respicio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present indicative active third person singular; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: “faces”; Notes: describes orientation.
  8. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses direction; Translation: “toward”; Notes: cardinal direction marker.
  9. orientem — Lemma: oriens; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, 3rd declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: “the east”; Notes: directional reference.
  10. quinquaginta — Lemma: quinquaginta; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: invariable; Function: modifies cubiti; Translation: “fifty”; Notes: measurement.
  11. cubiti — Lemma: cubitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine, 4th declension; Function: subject of erunt; Translation: “cubits”; Notes: architectural measurement.
  12. erunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future indicative active third person plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “shall be”; Notes: expresses measurement of width.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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