Exodus 29:19

Posted on March 20, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 29:19 Tolles quoque arietem alterum, super cuius caput Aaron et filii eius ponent manus.

You shall also take the other ram, upon whose head Aaron and his sons shall place their hands.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Tolles you shall take VERB 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
2 quoque also ADV INDECL
3 arietem ram NOUN ACC.SG.M 3RD DECL
4 alterum, the other ADJ ACC.SG.M POS
5 super upon PREP+ACC INDECL
6 cuius whose PRON REL GEN.SG.M
7 caput head NOUN ACC.SG.N 3RD DECL
8 Aaron Aaron NOUN NOM.SG.M INDECL
9 et and CONJ INDECL
10 filii sons NOUN NOM.PL.M 2ND DECL
11 eius his PRON POSS GEN.SG.M
12 ponent they shall place VERB 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
13 manus. hands NOUN ACC.PL.F 4TH DECL

Syntax

Main Command:
Tolles quoque arietem alterum —
• Tolles = main verb
• arietem alterum = direct object (“the other ram”)
• quoque = adverb (“also”), linking to previous ram

Relative + Prepositional Phrase:
super cuius caput —
• super governs caput
• cuius modifies caput and refers back to arietem

Action of the Subjects:
Aaron et filii eius ponent manus —
• Aaron et filii eius = compound subject
• ponent = verb
• manus = direct object

Morphology

  1. Tolles — Lemma: tollo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second person singular, 3rd conjugation; Function: main command verb; Translation: you shall take; Notes: continues the ritual sequence.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: adds “also”; Translation: also; Notes: marks addition to prior action.
  3. arietem — Lemma: aries; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, 3rd declension; Function: direct object of tolles; Translation: ram; Notes: refers to the second consecration ram.
  4. alterum, — Lemma: alter; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies arietem; Translation: the other; Notes: comma preserved.
  5. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces prepositional phrase; Translation: upon; Notes: indicates placement location.
  6. cuius — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies caput; Translation: whose; Notes: refers to arietem.
  7. caput — Lemma: caput; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, 3rd declension; Function: object of super; Translation: head; Notes: location of the laying-on of hands.
  8. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, indeclinable; Function: subject; Translation: Aaron; Notes: high priest.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects Aaron and filii eius; Translation: and; Notes: links subjects equally.
  10. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine, 2nd declension; Function: coordinated subject; Translation: sons; Notes: refers to Aaron’s priestly sons.
  11. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies filii; Translation: his; Notes: refers to Aaron.
  12. ponent — Lemma: pono; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative third person plural, 3rd conjugation; Function: verb of action done by Aaron and sons; Translation: they shall place; Notes: ritual identification action.
  13. manus. — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, 4th declension; Function: direct object of ponent; Translation: hands; Notes: laying on of hands signifies identification with the offering.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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