Exodus 29:20

Posted on March 20, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 29:20 Quem cum immolaveris, sumes de sanguine eius, et pones super extremum auriculæ dextræ Aaron et filiorum eius, et super pollices manus eorum ac pedis dextri, fundesque sanguinem super altare per circuitum.

When you have slain it, you shall take from its blood, and you shall put it upon the tip of the right ear of Aaron and of his sons, and upon the thumbs of their hand and of the right foot, and you shall pour out the blood around the altar.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quem whom PRON REL ACC.SG.M
2 cum when CONJ INDECL
3 immolaveris, you have slain VERB 2SG.FUTP.ACT.IND 1ST CONJ
4 sumes you shall take VERB 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
5 de from PREP+ABL INDECL
6 sanguine blood NOUN ABL.SG.M 3RD DECL
7 eius, its PRON POSS GEN.SG.M
8 et and CONJ INDECL
9 pones you shall put VERB 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
10 super upon PREP+ACC INDECL
11 extremum tip ADJ ACC.SG.N POS
12 auriculæ of the ear NOUN GEN.SG.F 1ST DECL
13 dextræ right ADJ GEN.SG.F POS
14 Aaron Aaron NOUN GEN.SG.M INDECL
15 et and CONJ INDECL
16 filiorum of the sons NOUN GEN.PL.M 2ND DECL
17 eius, his PRON POSS GEN.SG.M
18 et and CONJ INDECL
19 super upon PREP+ACC INDECL
20 pollices thumbs NOUN ACC.PL.M 3RD DECL
21 manus of the hand NOUN GEN.SG.F 4TH DECL
22 eorum their PRON POSS GEN.PL.M
23 ac and also CONJ INDECL
24 pedis of the foot NOUN GEN.SG.M 3RD DECL
25 dextri, right ADJ GEN.SG.M POS
26 fundesque and you shall pour VERB 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ + ENCLITIC -QUE
27 sanguinem blood NOUN ACC.SG.M 3RD DECL
28 super upon PREP+ACC INDECL
29 altare altar NOUN ACC.SG.N 3RD DECL
30 per through / around PREP+ACC INDECL
31 circuitum. circuit / round NOUN ACC.SG.M 4TH DECL

Syntax

Temporal Clause:
Quem cum immolaveris —
• immolaveris = future perfect
• Quem relates to the ram of the previous verse
• Entire unit = “when you have slain it”

Main Clause:
sumes de sanguine eius —
• sumes = main verb
• de sanguine eius = ablative of source

First Placement:
et pones super extremum auriculæ dextræ Aaron et filiorum eius —
• pones = second main action
• super + ACC marks placement
• Genitives identify whose ear

Second Placement:
et super pollices manus eorum ac pedis dextri —
• Parallel structure to first placement
• Genitives express possession
• ac intensifies coordination (“and even”)

Final Action:
fundesque sanguinem super altare per circuitum —
• fundes = new main verb
• super altare = location
• per circuitum = “around its circuit”

Morphology

  1. Quem — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of immolaveris; Translation: whom; Notes: refers to the ram.
  2. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: when; Notes: not the preposition.
  3. immolaveris, — Lemma: immolo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future perfect active indicative second person singular, 1st conjugation; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: you have slain; Notes: anticipates completed action.
  4. sumes — Lemma: sumo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second person singular, 3rd conjugation; Function: main verb; Translation: you shall take; Notes: begins priestly application ritual.
  5. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses source; Translation: from; Notes: common sacrificial formula.
  6. sanguine — Lemma: sanguis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, 3rd declension; Function: object of de; Translation: blood; Notes: refers to the ram’s blood.
  7. eius, — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies sanguine; Translation: its; Notes: refers to the ram.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: adds next action; Translation: and; Notes: parallel structure.
  9. pones — Lemma: pono; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second person singular, 3rd conjugation; Function: main verb; Translation: you shall put; Notes: applies blood to priests.
  10. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses placement; Translation: upon; Notes: ritual contact.
  11. extremum — Lemma: extremus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of super; Translation: tip; Notes: technical anatomical term.
  12. auriculæ — Lemma: auricula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine, 1st declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the ear; Notes: outer ear.
  13. dextræ — Lemma: dexter; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies auriculæ; Translation: right; Notes: right side signifies favor and strength.
  14. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular masculine, indeclinable; Function: possession; Translation: of Aaron; Notes: high priest.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links possessors; Translation: and; Notes: joins Aaron and his sons.
  16. filiorum — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine, 2nd declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the sons; Notes: priestly sons.
  17. eius, — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies filiorum; Translation: his; Notes: refers to Aaron.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: continues list; Translation: and; Notes: parallel.
  19. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: location; Translation: upon; Notes: marks ritual contact.
  20. pollices — Lemma: pollex; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine, 3rd declension; Function: object of super; Translation: thumbs; Notes: symbolizes priestly service.
  21. manus — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine, 4th declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the hand; Notes: anatomical specification.
  22. eorum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies manus; Translation: their; Notes: refers to the sons of Aaron.
  23. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: adds a more forceful connection; Translation: and also; Notes: stronger than et.
  24. pedis — Lemma: pes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine, 3rd declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the foot; Notes: anatomical detail.
  25. dextri, — Lemma: dexter; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies pedis; Translation: right; Notes: comma preserved.
  26. fundesque — Lemma: fundo + -que; Part of Speech: verb + enclitic; Form: future active indicative second person singular, 3rd conjugation; Function: adds new action; Translation: and you shall pour; Notes: -que joins this action to the prior commands.
  27. sanguinem — Lemma: sanguis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, 3rd declension; Function: direct object of fundes; Translation: blood; Notes: for altar application.
  28. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: location; Translation: upon; Notes: indicates altar placement.
  29. altare — Lemma: altare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, 3rd declension; Function: object of super; Translation: altar; Notes: central locus of sacrifice.
  30. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses motion around; Translation: around; Notes: denotes full encircling action.
  31. circuitum. — Lemma: circuitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, 4th declension; Function: object of per; Translation: circuit / round; Notes: describes circular distribution of blood.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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