Exodus 29:2

Posted on March 20, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 29:2 panesque azymos, et crustulam absque fermento, quæ conspersa sit oleo, lagana quoque azyma oleo lita: de simila triticea cuncta facies.

and unleavened loaves, and a cake without leaven, which shall be mixed with oil, and also unleavened wafers anointed with oil; you shall make all of them from wheat flour.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 panesque and loaves NOUN ACC.PL.M 3RD DECL + ENCLITIC -QUE
2 azymos unleavened ADJ ACC.PL.M POS
3 et and CONJ
4 crustulam cake NOUN ACC.SG.F 1ST DECL
5 absque without PREP+ABL
6 fermento leaven NOUN ABL.SG.N 2ND DECL
7 quae which PRON REL NOM.SG.F
8 conspersa mixed PTCP PERF.PASS NOM.SG.F
9 sit may be VERB 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.ACT IRREG (sum)
10 oleo with oil NOUN ABL.SG.N 2ND DECL
11 lagana wafers NOUN ACC.PL.N 1ST DECL (Greek loanword)
12 quoque also ADV
13 azyma unleavened ADJ ACC.PL.N POS
14 oleo with oil NOUN ABL.SG.N 2ND DECL
15 lita anointed PTCP PERF.PASS ACC.PL.N
16 de from PREP+ABL
17 simila wheat flour NOUN ABL.SG.F 1ST DECL
18 triticea wheaten ADJ ABL.SG.F POS
19 cuncta all ADJ ACC.PL.N INDEF
20 facies you shall make VERB 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ

Syntax

Object Series: panesque azymos, crustulam absque fermento, lagana quoque azyma oleo lita — three coordinated direct objects of facies.
Relative Clause: quae conspersa sit oleo — modifies crustulam, verb sit, predicate participle conspersa with ablative of means oleo.
Main Clause: cuncta facies — verb facies with object cuncta, specifying all items to be produced.
Prepositional Phrase: de simila triticea — expresses the material source of all items.

Morphology

  1. panesque — Lemma: panis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine with enclitic -que; Function: coordinated direct object; Translation: and loaves; Notes: -que links this item to the following ones.
  2. azymos — Lemma: azymus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifier of panes; Translation: unleavened; Notes: ritual purity term.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates additional food items; Translation: and; Notes: joins crustulam.
  4. crustulam — Lemma: crustula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: cake; Notes: subject of following relative clause.
  5. absque — Lemma: absque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates lack; Translation: without; Notes: classical but rarer than sine.
  6. fermento — Lemma: fermentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of absque; Translation: leaven; Notes: contrasts with “unleavened.”
  7. quae — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: refers to crustulam.
  8. conspersa — Lemma: conspergo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate in relative clause; Translation: mixed; Notes: agrees with quae.
  9. sit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present subjunctive active third person singular; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: may be; Notes: expresses state of mixture.
  10. oleo — Lemma: oleum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with oil; Notes: indicates the medium of mixing.
  11. lagana — Lemma: laganum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: wafers; Notes: Greek loanword referring to thin cakes.
  12. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: adds an additional item; Translation: also; Notes: broader inclusion marker.
  13. azyma — Lemma: azymus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: modifies lagana; Translation: unleavened; Notes: matches grammatical gender of lagana.
  14. oleo — Lemma: oleum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with oil; Notes: repeated for emphasis.
  15. lita — Lemma: lino; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle accusative plural neuter; Function: predicate modifier; Translation: anointed; Notes: describes ritual preparation of wafers.
  16. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates source; Translation: from; Notes: material origin marker.
  17. simila — Lemma: simila; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: fine wheat flour; Notes: ingredient of all items.
  18. triticea — Lemma: triticeus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifier of simila; Translation: wheaten; Notes: specifies grain type.
  19. cuncta — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of facies; Translation: all; Notes: sums up the list.
  20. facies — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: you shall make; Notes: expresses obligatory preparation.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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