Exodus 34:22

Posted on March 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 34:22 Sollemnitatem hebdomadarum facies tibi in primitiis frugum messis tuæ triticeæ, et sollemnitatem, quando redeunte anni tempore cuncta conduntur.

You shall celebrate the feast of weeks for yourself at the firstfruits of the harvest of your wheat, and the feast when, at the turning of the year, all things are gathered in.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sollemnitatem feast ACC.SG.F 3RD DECL
2 hebdomadarum of weeks GEN.PL.F 1ST DECL
3 facies you shall make / celebrate 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
4 tibi for yourself DAT.SG 2ND.PERS.PRON
5 in in / at PREP+ABL
6 primitis firstfruits ABL.PL.F 3RD DECL
7 frugum of produce GEN.PL.F 3RD DECL
8 messis of the harvest GEN.SG.F 3RD DECL
9 tuæ your GEN.SG.F POSS.ADJ
10 triticeæ wheat GEN.SG.F ADJ 1ST/2ND DECL
11 et and CONJ
12 sollemnitatem feast ACC.SG.F 3RD DECL
13 quando when ADV.CONJ
14 redeunte returning ABL.SG.M/F/N PTCP.PRES.ACT 3RD CONJ
15 anni of the year GEN.SG.M 2ND DECL
16 tempore season / time ABL.SG.N 3RD DECL
17 cuncta all things NOM.PL.N ADJ 1ST/2ND DECL
18 conduntur are gathered in 3PL.PRES.PASS.IND 3RD CONJ

Syntax

Main Clause 1:
Sollemnitatem hebdomadarum facies tibi
• Sollemnitatem hebdomadarum = object (“the feast of weeks”).
• facies = future indicative with legal-imperative force.
• tibi = dative of advantage (“for yourself”).

Prepositional Phrase:
in primitiis frugum messis tuæ triticeæ
• Defines the agricultural timing: the wheat firstfruits.

Main Clause 2:
et sollemnitatem … cuncta conduntur
• A second feast is commanded.
• quando redeunte anni tempore defines the season (“when the year turns”).
• cuncta conduntur = “all things are stored away / gathered in,” i.e., autumn ingathering.

Morphology

  1. Sollemnitatem — Lemma: sollemnitas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object of facies; Translation: feast; Notes: refers to the pilgrimage festival.
  2. hebdomadarum — Lemma: hebdomada; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: specifying which feast; Translation: of weeks; Notes: Feast of Weeks = Pentecost.
  3. facies — Lemma: faciō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular future active indicative; Function: legal command; Translation: you shall celebrate / make; Notes: future-indicative imperative.
  4. tibi — Lemma: tū; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: dative of advantage; Translation: for yourself; Notes: emphasizes covenant duty.
  5. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces temporal phrase; Translation: in; Notes: used idiomatically.
  6. primitis — Lemma: prīmitiae; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: firstfruits; Notes: sacrificial-agricultural term.
  7. frugum — Lemma: frux; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: modifies primitis; Translation: of produce; Notes: fruit, yield.
  8. messis — Lemma: messis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: specifies type of produce; Translation: of harvest; Notes: central to agricultural law.
  9. tuæ — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies messis; Translation: your; Notes: refers to Israelite landowner.
  10. triticeæ — Lemma: triticeus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies messis; Translation: of wheat; Notes: indicates the wheat harvest timing.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links second feast; Translation: and; Notes: coordinates clauses.
  12. sollemnitatem — Lemma: sollemnitas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of implied facies; Translation: feast; Notes: the autumn ingathering feast.
  13. quando — Lemma: quando; Part of Speech: adverbial conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: when; Notes: marks seasonal timing.
  14. redeunte — Lemma: redeō; Part of Speech: participle; Form: ablative singular present active participle; Function: ablative absolute with tempore; Translation: returning; Notes: describes cyclical seasons.
  15. anni — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies tempore; Translation: of the year; Notes: agricultural cycle.
  16. tempore — Lemma: tempus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: in ablative absolute; Translation: time / season; Notes: specifies the turning point of the year.
  17. cuncta — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of conduntur; Translation: all things; Notes: refers to gathered produce.
  18. conduntur — Lemma: condō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person plural present passive indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: are gathered / stored; Notes: describes ingathering at year’s end.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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