Exodus 34:26

Posted on March 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 34:26 Primitias frugum terræ tuæ offeres in domo Domini Dei tui. Non coques hœdum in lacte matris suæ.

You shall offer the first fruits of the produce of your land in the house of the LORD your God. You shall not boil a kid in the milk of its mother.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Primitias first fruits ACC.PL.F 3RD DECL
2 frugum of the produce GEN.PL.F 3RD DECL
3 terræ of the land GEN.SG.F 1ST DECL
4 tuæ your GEN.SG.F POSS.ADJ
5 offeres you shall offer 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
6 in in PREP+ABL
7 domo house ABL.SG.F 1ST DECL
8 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M 2ND DECL
9 Dei of God GEN.SG.M 2ND DECL
10 tui your GEN.SG.M POSS.ADJ
11 Non not ADV
12 coques you shall boil 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
13 hœdum a kid ACC.SG.M 2ND DECL
14 in in PREP+ABL
15 lacte milk ABL.SG.N 3RD DECL
16 matris of the mother GEN.SG.F 3RD DECL
17 suæ its GEN.SG.F POSS.ADJ

Syntax

Main Command 1:
Primitias frugum terræ tuæ offeres — You shall offer the first fruits of the produce of your land.
• Primitias = direct object.
• offeres = covenantal future (“you shall”).
• in domo Domini Dei tui = cultic location of offering.

Main Command 2:
Non coques hœdum — You shall not boil a kid.
• in lacte matris suæ = prohibited medium; establishes dietary/cultic purity boundaries.

Morphology

  1. Primitias — Lemma: primitiae; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object of offeres; Translation: first fruits; Notes: refers to earliest produce consecrated to God.
  2. frugum — Lemma: frux; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: specifies type of first fruits; Translation: of the produce; Notes: a collective agricultural term.
  3. terræ — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies frugum; Translation: of the land; Notes: indicates territorial produce.
  4. tuæ — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies terræ; Translation: your; Notes: addressed to Israel collectively.
  5. offeres — Lemma: offerō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: you shall offer; Notes: expresses covenant obligation.
  6. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces location; Translation: in; Notes: standard spatial marker.
  7. domo — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: house; Notes: refers to sanctuary or cultic dwelling.
  8. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies domo; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH, hence “LORD.”
  9. Dei — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: apposition to Domini; Translation: of God; Notes: specifies deity.
  10. tui — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies Dei; Translation: your; Notes: covenantal belonging.
  11. Non — Lemma: nōn; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negates coques; Translation: not; Notes: used in legal prohibitions.
  12. coques — Lemma: coquō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb of second command; Translation: you shall boil; Notes: expresses strict cultic prohibition.
  13. hœdum — Lemma: haedus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of coques; Translation: kid (young goat); Notes: the classic formulation of the kosher law.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces medium; Translation: in; Notes: expresses the prohibited cooking medium.
  15. lacte — Lemma: lac; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: milk; Notes: specifically mother’s milk.
  16. matris — Lemma: mater; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies lacte; Translation: of the mother; Notes: emphasizes unnaturalness of the act.
  17. suæ — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies matris; Translation: its; Notes: reflexive possession referring to the kid.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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