Exodus 36:1

Posted on March 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 36:1 Fecit ergo Beseleel, et Ooliab, et omnis vir sapiens, quibus dedit Dominus sapientiam et intellectum, ut scirent fabre operari quæ in usus Sanctuarii necessaria sunt, et quæ præcepit Dominus.

And Beseleel made, and Ooliab, and every wise man to whom the LORD gave wisdom and understanding, that they might know skillfully to work the things which are necessary for the use of the Sanctuary, and which the LORD commanded.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Fecit made 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 ergo therefore ADV
3 Beseleel Bezalel NOM.SG.M, NOUN
4 et and CONJ
5 Ooliab Oholiab NOM.SG.M, NOUN
6 et and CONJ
7 omnis every NOM.SG.M, ADJ
8 vir man NOM.SG.M, NOUN
9 sapiens wise NOM.SG.M, ADJ
10 quibus to whom DAT.PL.M, PRON, REL
11 dedit gave 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
12 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M, NOUN
13 sapientiam wisdom ACC.SG.F, NOUN
14 et and CONJ
15 intellectum understanding ACC.SG.M, NOUN
16 ut so that CONJ
17 scirent they might know 3PL.IMP.ACT.SUBJ
18 fabre skillfully ADV
19 operari to work PRES.INF.DEP
20 quae the things which NOM.PL.N, PRON, REL
21 in for PREP+ACC
22 usus uses ACC.PL.M, NOUN, 4TH DECL
23 Sanctuarii of the Sanctuary GEN.SG.N, NOUN
24 necessaria necessary NOM.PL.N, ADJ
25 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
26 et and CONJ
27 quae the things which ACC.PL.N, PRON, REL
28 praecepit commanded 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
29 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M, NOUN

Syntax

Main Clause:
Fecit ergo Beseleel, et Ooliab, et omnis vir sapiens — main clause with a compound subject.
Fecit is the main finite verb (perfect indicative) and governs the entire clause.

Relative / Dative Clause:
quibus dedit Dominus sapientiam et intellectum — relative clause modifying omnis vir sapiens, with quibus as dative plural indirect object of dedit, and Dominus as the subject of the giving.

Purpose Clause:
ut scirent fabre operari — purpose clause (“so that they might know to work skillfully”), with scirent as imperfect subjunctive (verb of knowing) and infinitive operari as its complement.

Relative Clause of Description / Content:
quae in usus Sanctuarii necessaria sunt — relative clause in which quae (nominative neuter plural) is the subject of sunt, and necessaria is the predicate adjective; the prepositional phrase in usus Sanctuarii expresses purpose/destination (“for the uses of the Sanctuary”).

Additional Relative Clause:
et quae praecepit Dominus — coordinated relative clause; quae (accusative neuter plural) is the direct object of praecepit, and Dominus is the subject, giving a second category of things to be worked: “and the things which the LORD commanded.”

Morphology

  1. Fecit — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main finite verb of the sentence; Translation: made; Notes: the perfect tense presents the making as a completed action in the narrative.
  2. ergo — Lemma: ergo; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable adverb; Function: logical connector linking this statement to the preceding context; Translation: therefore; Notes: typical narrative particle marking consequence or continuation.
  3. Beseleel — Lemma: Beseleel; Part of Speech: proper noun (personal name); Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: first element of the compound subject of fecit; Translation: Beseleel; Notes: corresponds to Bezalel, the chief craftsman of the tabernacle.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: coordinating conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links Beseleel with the following subject Ooliab; Translation: and; Notes: simple additive coordination.
  5. Ooliab — Lemma: Ooliab; Part of Speech: proper noun (personal name); Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: second element of the compound subject of fecit; Translation: Ooliab; Notes: named associate of Beseleel in constructing the Sanctuary.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: coordinating conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links the named artisans with the general group omnis vir sapiens; Translation: and; Notes: extends the subject beyond the two named individuals.
  7. omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: determiner modifying vir, indicating totality (“every” wise man); Translation: every; Notes: singular with a collective sense, typical Latin usage.
  8. vir — Lemma: vir; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: head noun of the phrase omnis vir sapiens, part of the compound subject; Translation: man; Notes: here denotes skilled individuals among the people.
  9. sapiens — Lemma: sapiens; Part of Speech: adjective (substantive-capable); Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: attributive adjective modifying vir; Translation: wise; Notes: characterizes the men as possessing practical skill and understanding.
  10. quibus — Lemma: qui, quae, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: dative plural masculine; Function: indirect object of dedit within the relative clause, referring back to omnis vir sapiens; Translation: to whom; Notes: introduces a relative clause specifying those men as recipients of the LORD’s gifts.
  11. dedit — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of the relative clause introduced by quibus; Translation: gave; Notes: perfect tense presents the bestowal of gifts as a completed historical act.
  12. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun (title); Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of dedit and, later, of praecepit; Translation: LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH, so translated as “LORD” in small caps sense according to your instruction.
  13. sapientiam — Lemma: sapientia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: first direct object of dedit; Translation: wisdom; Notes: denotes divinely imparted skill and discernment for sacred craftsmanship.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: coordinating conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins the two direct objects sapientiam and intellectum; Translation: and; Notes: simple coordination within the object phrase.
  15. intellectum — Lemma: intellectus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: second direct object of dedit; Translation: understanding; Notes: complements sapientiam, stressing insight and comprehension.
  16. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: subordinating conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces the purpose clause dependent on the giving of wisdom and understanding; Translation: so that; Notes: standard marker of final (purpose) clauses with the subjunctive.
  17. scirent — Lemma: scio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person plural imperfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of the purpose clause introduced by ut; Translation: they might know; Notes: imperfect subjunctive expresses potential or intended knowledge in a purpose context.
  18. fabre — Lemma: fabre; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable adverb; Function: adverbial modifier of operari; Translation: skillfully; Notes: derived from faber, specifying the manner of working as craftsman-like.
  19. operari — Lemma: operor; Part of Speech: verb (deponent); Form: present infinitive deponent (1st conjugation); Function: complementary infinitive governed by scirent; Translation: to work; Notes: deponent verb with active meaning but middle/passive form, expressing ongoing activity of craftsmanship.
  20. quae — Lemma: qui, quae, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of sunt in the relative clause; Translation: the things which; Notes: gathers the objects of work into a general neuter plural, “the things which are necessary.”
  21. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative in this construction; Function: introduces the prepositional phrase in usus Sanctuarii expressing purpose or destination; Translation: for; Notes: with accusative, in often has directional or purposive nuance.
  22. usus — Lemma: usus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine, 4th declension; Function: object of the preposition in; Translation: uses; Notes: plural emphasizes the multiple ways the Sanctuary is served.
  23. Sanctuarii — Lemma: Sanctuarium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: possessive genitive dependent on usus; Translation: of the Sanctuary; Notes: specifies that the uses in view belong to, or are associated with, the Sanctuary.
  24. necessaria — Lemma: necessarius; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: predicate adjective agreeing with quae in the clause quae in usus Sanctuarii necessaria sunt; Translation: necessary; Notes: stresses that the items are not optional but required for sacred service.
  25. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person plural present active indicative; Function: copula linking quae and necessaria; Translation: are; Notes: present tense describes the ongoing status of these things as necessary.
  26. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: coordinating conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates a second relative clause quae praecepit Dominus with the first; Translation: and; Notes: adds further content to the objects of the craftsmen’s work.
  27. quae — Lemma: qui, quae, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object of praecepit in the second relative clause; Translation: the things which; Notes: here the LORD’s commands are conceived as a set of things to be carried out.
  28. praecepit — Lemma: praecipio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of the second relative clause; Translation: commanded; Notes: perfect aspect again presents the LORD’s commanding as a completed act with continuing force.
  29. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun (title); Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of praecepit; Translation: LORD; Notes: again refers to YHWH, so rendered “LORD” in line with your project convention.

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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