Exodus 36:2

Posted on March 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 36:2 Cumque vocasset eos Moyses, et omnem eruditum virum, cui dederat Dominus sapientiam, et qui sponte sua obtulerant se ad faciendum opus,

And when Moyses had called them, and every learned man to whom the LORD had given wisdom, and who of his own accord had offered themselves to do the work,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ
2 vocasset had called 3SG.PLUP.ACT.SUBJ
3 eos them ACC.PL.M, PRON.PERS
4 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M, NOUN
5 et and CONJ
6 omnem every ACC.SG.M, ADJ
7 eruditum learned ACC.SG.M, ADJ.PTCP.PERF.PASS
8 virum man ACC.SG.M, NOUN
9 cui to whom DAT.SG.M, PRON.REL
10 dederat had given 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND
11 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M, NOUN
12 sapientiam wisdom ACC.SG.F, NOUN
13 et and CONJ
14 qui who NOM.SG.M, PRON.REL
15 sponte of own accord ABL.SG.F, NOUN (INDECL SENSE)
16 sua his ABL.SG.F, ADJ.POSS
17 obtulerant had offered 3PL.PLUP.ACT.IND
18 se themselves ACC.SG/PL, PRON.REFL
19 ad to PREP+ACC
20 faciendum doing GERUNDV.ACC.SG.M
21 opus work ACC.SG.N, NOUN

Syntax

Temporal Clause:
Cumque vocasset eos Moyses — “And when Moses had called them”;
• Cumque introduces a temporal clause.
• vocasset is pluperfect subjunctive indicating prior action.

Coordinated Object Phrase:
et omnem eruditum virum — coordinated direct object of vocasset.
• omnem eruditum virum = “every learned man.”

Relative Clause #1:
cui dederat Dominus sapientiam modifies virum.
• cui = indirect object.
• dederat = pluperfect indicative.
• Dominus = subject (translated as “LORD”).

Relative Clause #2:
et qui sponte sua obtulerant se — additional description of the men.
• qui = subject.
• obtulerant = pluperfect indicative.
• se = reflexive direct object.

Prepositional Phrase with Gerundive:
ad faciendum opus — purpose phrase meaning “to do the work.”

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cum + que; Part of Speech: subordinating conjunction with enclitic; Form: invariable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: and when; Notes: -que joins the clause to preceding narrative.
  2. vocasset — Lemma: voco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular pluperfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: had called; Notes: subjunctive required by cum in temporal clauses.
  3. eos — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object of vocasset; Translation: them; Notes: refers to craftsmen summoned.
  4. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of vocasset; Translation: Moses; Notes: retains Greek spelling.
  5. et — conjunction, coordinating additional direct object.
  6. omnem — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: determiner modifying virum; Translation: every; Notes: distributive force.
  7. eruditum — Lemma: erudio; Part of Speech: participle/adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine perfect passive participle; Function: modifies virum; Translation: learned; Notes: describes skilled craftsmen.
  8. virum — Lemma: vir; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: coordinated direct object of vocasset; Translation: man; Notes: refers to the class of trained workmen.
  9. cui — Lemma: qui, quae, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object of dederat; Translation: to whom; Notes: introduces first relative clause.
  10. dederat — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular pluperfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: had given; Notes: expresses prior divine bestowal.
  11. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun (title); Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of dederat; Translation: LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH → translated “LORD”.
  12. sapientiam — Lemma: sapientia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object of dederat; Translation: wisdom; Notes: intellectual capacity for sacred craftsmanship.
  13. et — conjunction adding a descriptive relative clause.
  14. qui — Lemma: qui, quae, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of obtulerant; Translation: who; Notes: introduces second relative clause.
  15. sponte — Lemma: sponte; Part of Speech: noun used adverbially; Form: ablative singular (indeclinable pattern); Function: adverbial modifier; Translation: of his own accord; Notes: expresses voluntariness.
  16. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine (agreeing with sponte); Function: shows possession; Translation: his; Notes: reflexively refers to the subject.
  17. obtulerant — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person plural pluperfect active indicative; Function: verb of second relative clause; Translation: had offered; Notes: stresses voluntary devotion.
  18. se — Lemma: se; Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun; Form: accusative singular/plural; Function: direct object of obtulerant; Translation: themselves; Notes: reflexive to the subject qui.
  19. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses purpose; Translation: to; Notes: standard construction with gerundive.
  20. faciendum — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: gerundive (verbal adjective); Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: gerundive expressing purpose with ad; Translation: doing; Notes: gerundive complements the purpose phrase.
  21. opus — Lemma: opus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of faciendum; Translation: work; Notes: refers to tabernacle craftsmanship.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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